中國教科書中的民族主義型構

The Construction of China Nationalism in Textbooks

本文檢視北京師範大學出版社版的小學語文教材與人民教育出版社版的中學思想品德教科書中的民族主義型構，在小學語文教科書中，領導人神話、革命敘事的重述、國疆界想像神話的建構是主要的元素。在中學的思想品德當中，中國民族主義的論述有細緻的建構，其內容包括愛國心的強調與中華文明論的美化。愛國心的強調，基本上以中／西、進步／落後二元對立為背景，透過科學家甚至可能虛構的小故事勾勒中國人如何在重重困難中建立中國人的自信。中華文明論則以抽象的道德修辭為元素，其中，建立中國特色的文化或是排斥有毒的文化的論述，也不脫二元對立的色彩。值得注意的是，高度化的教科書，無非是培養共產黨論述體系中的人民群眾，然而，民間對此也有所回應，《新語文讀本》與近年來的民國熱，都是另闢蹊徑尋找人的位置。此外，本文最後也就中國學生對教科書中愛國主義內容的反應粗略分為三類，這些不同反應，似乎隱含中國年輕人對中國現狀的看法，也因此值得深入再研究。

This research is trying to view the construction of China nationalism in the language textbooks of elementary school and moral textbooks of high school. The principal parts in the former are political mythologies of politicians, recounting the revolutionary narrative, constructing the imagination of country territory. China nationalism has been constructed meticulously through ideological moral contents of high school, in which patriotism and Chinese civilization are emphasized. Basically, the patriotism is emphasized underlining the binary opposition of Chinese/Western, advancement/backward. Especially, the main element in the discourse of Chinese civilization is abstract moral rhetoric, in which, the culture with Chinese characteristics, or rejecting poisonous cultural discourse, both are on the same standpoint of binary opposition. Face with highly politicized textbook, there are responses through publishing de-politicized textbook and republishing classic textbook. Furthermore, in the end of this paper, I conclude three points of the responses to patriotism of the text books from the Chinese students, the responses which in various seem to contain the views to the present situation in China, it deserves to be had more attentions, and to be studied deeply as well.