記者任務互賴、衝突與績效－－合作性衝突之再議

Task Interdependence, Team Conflict, and Performance of Journalists’ Team: Clarify Cooperative Conflict Perspective

台灣媒體競爭激烈，提升記者採訪績效成為存活關鍵，尤其電子媒體團隊運作已是工作之基本型態，本研究目的探討記者團隊之任務互賴對個人績效的影響；同時探討團隊合作及團隊衝突所產生之跨層級影響，並導入任務互賴對衝突及合作規範之調節效果，藉以釐清競、合衝突管理中「合作性衝突」之概念。本研究以問卷調查法，針對國內十家電視發放600 份問卷，回收44 個團隊共492 份有效問卷，回收率達82%。統計方法以階層線性模型(HLM)來推估團隊層級之任務互賴及團隊合作、團隊衝突的調節效果。研究結論如下：(1)任務互賴對記者自評績效有正向影響； (2)團隊衝突對任務互賴與個人績效間具有正向調節功能；(3)團隊合作對個人績效有正向影響；(4)高任務互賴情境，高衝突導致高合作進而影響績效，釐清「合作性衝突」之互動關係。由於過去團隊研究常忽略知識工作者，而國內衝突研究未曾觸及記者團隊，本研究補足以上研究缺口，並提出管理實務之具體建議。

The news media business is radically competing in Taiwan; therefore teamwork becomes the key factor among media to survive. As teamwork is the primary routine, task interdependence is highly emphasized more than before. Inevitably, team cooperation and conflict will impact the performance of the journalists. Not only does this research explore the relationship between team’s task interdependence and journalists’ performance, but also will look at the moderating effect of team cooperation and team conflict. Therefore, we can clarify the concept of cooperative conflict at the same time. This research collects 492 valid samples out of 600 questionnaires from 44 teams. We use the multilevel Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) to identify individual and team levels influence separately. The result concludes that task interdependence has a positive influence on individual performance. Furthermore, team conflict positively moderates the relationship between task interdependence and individual performance. Third, team cooperation norm has a positive influence on individual performance. Finally, the most important conclusion is that the higher level of team conflict caused the higher cooperation norm which makes for higher individual performance only in those high task dependent teams. This argument clarifies the interaction of cooperative conflict concept which is conceptualized by coopetition studies. This research makes up some important gaps including task interdependence research lack of knowledge worker and this is pioneer conflict research in journalists’ teamwork in Taiwan as we know it.