黑殭菌微膠囊化之製備

Formulations for Microencapsulating of Metarhizium anisopliaeMA126

對於植物病蟲害防治而言，如何能克服微生物製劑在田間存活時間，發揮特有菌種活性，以達到有效防治植物病蟲害，微膠囊化技術扮演重要之角色。本研究選取具優異活性之菌株，黑殭菌(Metarhizium anisopliae MA126)，將真菌孢子微膠囊化。微膠囊的基材利用褐藻膠(alginate)、幾丁聚醣(chitosan)等，以研發能分解控制孢子釋放與抗紫外線功能之包覆材料。試驗結果，利用均質機及震盪攪拌方式， 以4% 褐藻酸鈉(sodium alginate) ， 添加0.03% 之hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)等生物可分解聚合物，並加入植物油、橄欖油或葵花油等和0.2% Tween 80 以增加乳化包覆保存性，在10%氯化鈣溶液中形成膠囊硬化，膠囊形成多一層包覆效果，可使性質更穩定，包覆率約70%。由顯微鏡觀察粒徑分佈在10~20 μm 之間，本研究以微膠囊化包覆方式開發生物殺蟲製劑，陸續探討膠囊化之理化性質，期能延長生物製劑之使用期限。

For ecological, environmental and healthy purposes pesticides coming from natural sources, such as Metarhizium anisopliae, have been used widely in plant disease control. To meet the strong demand for long lasting, more efficient and labor saving bioinsecticides, a preliminary study in microencapsulating Metarhizium anisopliae MA126, which is capable of controlling asphids more efficiently than other fungi due to high protease activities, was carried out in the present investigation. The conidia of M. anisopliae MA126 was mixed with different combinations and concentrations of basal coating, emulsion and hardening materials. The combination of sodium alginate 4% and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) 0.03%, serving as UV-resistant and biodegradable wall materials, plant-based oils with 0.2% Tween 80 as emulsion materials and 10% calcium chloride for hardening is around 70% with capsule diameters ranging from 10 ~ 20 μm. The physical and chemical properties for long lasting field and efficacy in asphids control are under investigation.