以醫學人類學觀點論述疼痛與社會文化之相關性

Culture and Pain: A Medical Anthropology Perspective

本文為疼痛問題的回顧性探討，其目的在綜合說明護理學及其他社會科學（特別是人類學領域），對疼痛問題的觀點及相關性研究。全文首先探討疼痛現象的基本觀點，並將人類的受苦經驗與疼痛連結，藉以凸顯出人類學家一貫強調的文化主位觀點(Emic perspective)；接著，簡扼引述著名學者Zborowski於1952年在疼痛問題跨文化上比較研究結果中之重要論述及觀點，進而指出社會文化因素中的價值觀、宿命論及社會人口學變項，都是影響個人疼痛經驗的重要因素。本文建議臨床醫護人員在疼痛問題的處理上，應站在「人本」為關懷的立場，瞭解患者受苦及疼痛經驗的全貌觀，才能深入疼痛問題的本質，以增加患者的安適感。The present study was a review of the problem of pain. The purpose of this study was to make a comprehensive explanation of the aspects of pain problem and relative studies in terms of nursing and other social sciences, especially of the field of anthropology. In the first section, we discussed the basic perspective of pain phenomena integrating with the experience of suffering and pain in order to show the emic perspective that anthropologists consistently emphasize. Next, we briefly cited the discussion and perspective of cross-cultural comparative results of the problem of pain from the eminent scholar, Zborowski, who presented the paper in 1952. According to his research, the values, fatalism, and social population are all the sociocultural factors which affect people experiencing pain.