西方文學藝術史上作者的著作權意識自覺

The Consciousness of Authors' Copyright Awareness in Western Literature and Art History

古希腊時代，作品已經作為私有財產用於商品交換。古羅馬的諷刺詩人馬歇爾則創造了「剽竊」一詞。經歷了中世紀的神學壓抑以後，文藝復興的自然藝術強調作者的創造天賦。面對十六十七世紀的出版審查制度，彌爾頓等作家呼籲出版自由，笛福則借用文學上的「親子比喻」倡導版權立法。「安妮法」誕生以後，蒲柏積極應用它保護自己的權利，愛德華．楊則進一步討論了作品獨創性的意義。19世紀，博馬舍、巴爾扎克、雨果和狄更斯等人為促進著作權的集體管理和國際保護做出了不可磨滅的貢獻。In ancient Greece. Works have been used for trade as privately owned property. Roman satirical poet Martial created the word'plagiarism'. After the theology repression in medieval era, the natural arts of renaissance emphasize authors'creative genius. Facing with the publication censorship in sixteenth and seven-teenth century, authors like Milton advocated freedom of publication, while Defoe employed the paternity meta-phor of literature to promote copyright legislation. With the enactment of Anne Statue, Pope positively used it to protect his rights, and Edward Young further disussed the value of originality. In nineteenth centruy. Beau-marchais, Balzac, Hugo and Dickens etc. made indelble contribution to collective management and interna-tional protection of copyright.