國際私法中強制性規範的界定－－兼評《關於適用涉外民事關係法律適用法若干問題的解釋（一）》第10條

The Definition of the Mandatory Rules in Private International Law: Comments on Interpretation I of Several Issues concerning the Application of the Application of Law to Foreigh-related Civil Relations Act

《涉外民事關係法律適用法》第4條於我國國際私法中首次明顯確定我國法律的強制性規定應於直接適用。作為多邊選法體系的例外，強制性規範理論在適用中最核心的問題之一，是識別哪些規範屬於需要直接適用的國際強制性規範。國際私法中的強制性規範僅指國際強制性規範。比較法上提出界定國際強制性規範的客觀標準和主觀標準，隨之產生僅採客觀標準和兼採主客觀標準兩種立法模式。《關於適用〈涉外民事關係法律適用法〉若干問題的解釋（一）》第10條對何為我國法律的強制性規定進行了定義，並以不完全列舉的方式來解決可操作性問題，但在理論和實踐方面仍存缺失。Article 4 of the Law of the Application of Law to Foreign-related Civil Relations Act expressly provides for the first time that mandatory rules in Chinese law shall be directly applied. As an exception to multilateral choice-of-law system, the theory of mandatory rules encounters a core problem on how to identify the international mandatory rules that shall be applied without a choice of law rule indicating its applicability. Either subjective criteria or both subjective and objective criteria can be taken into consideration in legislation, and both criteria have been put forward. Article 10 of 1nterpretation 1 of Several Issues concerning the Application of the Application of Law to Foreign-related Civil Relations Act contains the definition of mandatory rules of Chinese law. It helps the operation of relevant rules, but there are open issues that need to be addressed.