論人格在定罪中的運用

Personality. Wielded While Bringing Conviction

刑法上的人格特指行為人對刑法所保護價值值的對立態度，它是認定犯罪的內在根據。在人格影響定罪問題上，現有的“否定論”；“出罪論”和“法定論；觀點都難以給出合理解釋。外部行為是人格的現實化，除涉案行為外，人格的載體還包括案前和案後的表現。行為人的對立人格必須達到一定程度，是一切犯罪成立所必需具備的條件。當涉案行為處於立案標準的邊緣時，案前、案後表現等情節就可能使得對行為人的整體人格態度評價發生質的變化，從而發揮人格在出、入罪方面的雙向功能。要保障人格的此種功能得到有效落實，除了要擴大法官的自由裁量權外，還應當設立一定的限權機制。Personality in criminal law means the opposite attitude to the value protected by criminal law, and it is also an inner element to bring conviction. In terms of the effect of personality upon conviction, neither of notions such as “negation,” “out of crime” or“ law prescription” can give a credible solution. Outer behavior is deemed real embodiment of personality. Apart from conducts directly involved with crime, behaviors before and after commission of crime are all connected with personality. The conflict of a perpetrator's personality must arrive at certain degree while committing a crime which is the requirement to establish the crime. Where under criteria an act is on the verge of either or not being accused of, the actor's behaviors prior to and post commission will be of essence to people's attitude towards personality, which will demonstrate significance of personality in criminalization. To ensure personality's role fully displayed, certain power-restraint institutions should to set up apart from extending judges' discretion.