論前合同責任的歸責標准

On Imputing Rule of Pre-contractual Liability

通說認為我國合同法上的前合同責任為過錯責任，少數說認為應限制為故意責任，並例外承認無過失信賴責任。因我國合同法關於前合同責任的規定主要參考了「國際商事合同通則」和「歐洲合同法原則」，故合同法相關規定的解釋應顧及此種法律繼受因素。從法律繼受過程及司法實踐來看，「合同法」第42條第3項具有前合同責任一般條款的屬性，其關於”違反誠實信用原則”的規定確立了前合同責任的一般歸責標准。在與傳統過錯標准的銜接上，客觀誠信觀念與客觀過失觀念具有一致性，與主觀過失觀念亦能相容，無需在違反誠信或客觀過失標准外另行承認無過失信賴責任的例外。Most scholars think that pre-contractual-liability in our contract law is based on fault, but minority thinks it should be limited to intention and non-fault liability exceptionally. The institution of pre-contractural liability in our contract law is drafted primarily referred to PICC, so interpretation of the related rules should take into account the legal reception elements. From the respect of legal reception and legal practice, the ar-ticle 42（3）is lonsidered as the general rule of pre-contractual liability, and 'contrary to good faith'is the common standard of that liability. Objective good faith is linked up with the traditional criterion of fault li-ability in line with subjective good faith, and is compatible with subjective fault. The concept of bad faith in PICC is undesignedly transformed into'malice'or 'intention'in our contract law, it should not be recog-nized that it has meterial meaning in legislative policy. The reliance doctrine emphases the imputability of contracting and objective fault is sufficient to protect the reliance of the other contracting party, so there is no need to accept non-fault liability of reliance damages exceptionally.