吳茱萸之黃酮類成分

Flavonoids from Evodiae Fructus

中藥吳茱萸為芸香科(Rutaceae)植物吳茱萸之未成熟乾燥果實，是我國中醫傳統常用藥材之一，根據神農本草經記載：性溫具有辛辣味，可溫身、除腹脹、止痛、止嗝、去濕、除風邪，促進血液循環，對冷熱症均好。中醫廣泛用予治療頭痛、腹痛、痢疾、產後出血和閉經等疾病。吳茱萸經周先樂博士及陳介甫教授（本論文著者之一）證實，對交感神經接受器有直接興奮作用，且於交感神經β-接受器阻斷劑存在下，吳茱萸之加速心收縮速率作用反而轉變為降低心收縮速率作用，經活性測試為導向，分離純化得到一降血壓物質－去氫吳茱萸鹼，據大白鼠活體實驗結果，證實具有降低動脈血壓及減緩心率作用，其作用機轉可能經由減少鈣離子內流而抑制心臟細胞緩慢動作電位。吳茱萸中各成份所擁有的生理活性是多樣且複雜的，如上述去氫吳茱萸鹼具有降血壓作用外，尚含有升壓作用成分Synephrine，我們想就我們已有的基礎做再進一步的探討，因此，首先再檢示其化學成份的組成。本次研究，以酒精抽提其成份，再經多次的柱層分離純化，得到三種生物鹼，三種黃酮類和一種Limonoid，分別為吳茱萸鹼(Ⅰ)，Rutaecarpine (Ⅱ)，去氫吳茱萸鹼(Ⅲ)，Limonin (Ⅳ)，Diosmetin (Ⅴ)，Isorhmnetin-3-O-galactoside(Ⅵ)及Quercetin-3-O-galactoside (Ⅶ)，其中三種黃酮類化合物為首次發現於本植物，所得化合物之化學結構式係綜合各種光譜數據推定。

Three alkaloids, three flavonoids and one limonoid were isolated from the dried fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa (Wu-Chu-Yu) (Rutacease), which contains active principles and has been used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of various illnesses They are evodiamine (Ⅰ), rutaecarpine (Ⅱ), dehydroevodiamine (Ⅲ), limonin (Ⅳ), diosmetiri (Ⅴ), isorhamnetin-3-0-galactoside (Ⅵ) and quercetin-3-0-galactoside (Ⅶ), Among them, compound (Ⅴ), (Ⅵ) and (Ⅶ) were isolated from the fruit for the first time. Chemical structure of these compounds were established on the basis of spectral evidences.