強姦犯罪的心理歷程：（2）實徵驗證

The Sociocultural and Psychodynamic Processes Involved in Rape Behavior: II. Empirical Testing

黃軍義（本期前文）曾從社會文化、個人心理、情境及個人行為層次等四個面向，分析強姦行為形成的心理歷程。本文將以問卷調查法及投射式問卷調查法兩種研究方法，驗證前文所提出之強姦行為心理歷程的理論。結果顯示，在問卷調查法（研究一）中，不論在強姦行為的動機方面；認知、情緒及動機三者的關係方面；動機、經驗、學習三者與強姦意圖的關係方面；強姦意圖、人格特性、當時情境三者與強姦行為的關係方面；行為效果、行為合理化二者與再犯行為的關係方面，均直接或接間的支持研究理論。不過，受試者在作答時，有強烈的自我防禦傾向，經由高、低自我防禦組的劃分，並對這兩組再進行統計分析，顯示理論中各變項間的關連性，並不是由於受試者的自我防禦傾向所造成。在投射式問卷調查法（研究二）中，亦顯示無論在強姦行為的動機；認知、情緒及動機三者的關係；動機、經驗、學習三者與強姦意圖的關係；強姦意圖、人格特性、當時情境三者與強姦行為的關係；行為效果、行為合理化二者與再犯行為的關係方面，均直接或間接的支持研究理論。並且無論是強姦者、非強姦者或整體受試者，均得到類似的結果。值得一提的是，在投射式問卷調查法中，受試者作答時的自我防禦傾向大幅減低，分析其主要的原因可能是：採用投射式問卷使受試者的防禦心降低，以及施測時將強姦罪與非強姦罪受試者混合，使強姦罪受試者不再感到抽離的情境壓力。本文最後提出未來的研究方向，包括：家庭內問題的探討、強姦者與異性相處的經驗、社會對男性之期許的探究、認知、情感與性興奮三者交互作用的探究、以及實驗法的採行。

Two empirical studies were conducted to test the four-perspective theoretical framework of the formative factors and processes of Chinese rape behavior, as developed in the preceding paper. The first study used the questionnaire-survey method, and the second adopted the projective questionnaire-survey method. Results of the first study generally supported the the theoretical framework both directly and indirectly. Many subjects showed a strong self-defense tendency in their responses. Subjects were therefore first divided into low and high self-defense tendency groups, and then reanalyzed the data for the two groups. Results indicated that the found relationships between factors stated in the theory were not due to subjects’ self-defense tendency. As in the first study, results of the second study also generally supported the theoretical framework both directly and indirectly. In this case, however, the subjects’ self-defense tendency was much decreased. The probable reasons for this decrease were that the use of the projective questionnaires lowered the subjects’ self-defense, and that the mixture of rapists and non-rapists in the testing condition lowered the situational pressure for the rapists. Directions for future study are finally suggested, including investigation of relevant problems in the family, rapists’ experiences with women, social expectations for men, interaction of cognition, affect and sexual arousal, and adoption of experimental methods.