都市設計永續價值評估指標體系之研究

Rating System of Sustainable Value for Urban Design

台灣許多地區都市化後，造成了能源、物源及廢棄物的高度聚集，社經結構轉變、自然環境破壞、資源耗竭、氣候變化及溫室效應等現象，影響都市生活環境品質至鉅。有鑑於此，本研究的目的是依永續都市發展的理念及模糊數學的方法建構都市設計永續價值的評估指標體系，提供都市生活環境品質改善的科學根據。本研究經模糊德爾菲專家問卷篩選得24 個指標，再以模糊層級分析法確立指標權重，指標體系中十大指標依序為（1）自然生態多樣性；（2）都市綠覆率；（3）都市平均透水率；（4）都市綠視率；（5）廢水排放量；（6）公園綠地比例；（7）土地使用合理性；（8）噪音污染指數；（9）犯罪發生率；（10）空氣污染。本研究以台中市新市政中心內之天璽社區為實證案例，研究結果顯示，該社區建築風貌獨特、色彩和諧、土地使用合理，前庭後院開放空間大小疏密對比、綠覆率高及植栽生態多樣性豐富、採光良好、交通系統可及性與自明高；唯缺乏生態棲地、空氣及水污染程度較高，大眾運輸系統之整體性及使用性低，有待改善。經此實證案例操作，本研究建立之評估體系不僅可明確地評估出都市設計地區的永續價值，並可依其評估結果回饋於改善居住環境的設計質量。

After extensive urbanization, the environmental quality of Taiwan’s urban life has seriously deteriorated as a result of the changes in social and economic structure, damage to the natural environment, depletion of natural resources, climate change, and greenhouse effect due to intensive aggregation of energy, resources, and waste. Therefore, this study attempts to develop a rating system of sustainable value for urban design with the concept of sustainable urban development and mathematical fuzzy modeling as a scientific basis for improving the environmental quality of urban life. After obtaining 24 indicators with the fuzzy Delphi technique, the weight of indicators was determined by fuzzy AHP. The 10 major indicators in the system include: (1) eco-diversity; (2) green coverage; (3) average percolation; (4) green view ratio (5) waste water discharge; (6) park and green proportion; (7) reasonable land use; (8) noise pollution index (9) crime rate; and (10) air pollution index. Tianxi Community located in the new urban center of Taichung City was chosen as the subject of this study. Findings indicate that though the community has unique architectural style, harmonious color scheme, reasonable land use, well-proportioned and well-contrasted open space between front and back yards, good green coverage, abundant ecological diversity, good natural lighting, high accessibility and identity of transport systems, it lacks ecological habitats and public transport integration and utilization, and the air and water pollution is severe. Therefore, immediate improvement is needed. Based on this empirical study, this rating system can explicitly estimate the sustainable value of urban design areas, and the results can be a reference for enhancing the design quality of the living environment.