都市震災臨時避難據點區位與服務圈域關係分析－－永康市為例

A Study of Relationship Analysis between Urban Earthquake's Temporary Shelter Location and Its Service Range－Yung-kang City Case Study

都市防災計畫的制定，必須考慮居民避難行為特性，並結合各地區之地理區位特徵，規劃適當的臨時避難據點以因應災害異常時之居民避難需求。本研究為能有效反映居民於震災境況條件下之避難意願，透過問卷調查的方式，以類似921 大地震發生之經驗情境詢問居民之避難意願，同時以調查樣本點進行避難圈域範圍之人口量推估，作為臨時避難據點可服務人口規模之基礎，透過推導的限制服務模型說明臨時避難據點之有效避難圈域。研究發現當距離超過400 公尺時，由於臨時避難據點的容量固定時，其所能服務的距離也受到一定的限制，當接近臨時避難據點可服務避難人口90%服務容量時，必須同時考量修正目前常用之鄰里避難圈域服務範圍500~700 公尺劃設指標，同時也須進一步檢討新增臨時避難據點後之變動情形，以作為都市震災臨時避難據點的設置區位與避難圈域劃設之參考，並提高臨時避難據點服務的效率性。

Disaster prevention urban planning considers evacuation behavior of residents and geographical characteristics for temporary shelters reflecting requirements of evacuations in times of disaster. This study aims to reflect evacuating intentions of residents assumed in an earthquake scenario by conducting questionnaire. Meanwhile each sample position was also filed in GIS database linked with the contents of questionnaire and further used for illustrating the relationship of the distances between residences and shelters. However the service population of shelter can only be estimated for ranging the service scale in terms of area shelter. The results show service distance limited in 400 meters due to the capacity of shelters. Then we try to model the distance factors with the service populations with a limited service model. Finally an empirical model is used to illustrate the effective service distance of shelter in Yung-kang City. It is obvious that the normal consideration of shelter distance 500~700 meters required further review when shelter capacity reach 90% level. And the results are expected to be applied for the shelter planning in urban area.