語意情境、字形損毀，與字頻在中文辨識上的連結影響

The Joint Effects of Context, Degradation, and Frequency on Recognition of Chinese

語意情境、字形損毀，與字頻在中文辨識上的連結影響本研究旨在探討語意情境、字形損毀、與字頻在中文辨識上的連結影響。英文的研究指出這三種影響文字辨識的因素存在著一種複雜的文字處理結構關係。語意情境與字形損毀在文字辨識處理時影響一個相同的處理階段，之後，語意情境又與字頻影響另一個相同的處理階段。本研究依據Becker（1976，1979）的激發－確認文字辨識模式的一項特殊預測進行實驗，探究當語意情境與被辨識的文字之間的語意關連較受限制與直接時（例如，語意關連是相反詞的關係時），語意情境與字形損毀對文字辨識處理過程的影響是由影響一個相同處理階段轉變為字形損毀先影響一個處理階段，之後，語意情境與字頻再影響一個相同的處理階段。本研究實驗是以大學生作認字決定（lexicaldecision）作業為方法來進行。實驗結果顯示，即使當語意情境與被辨識的文字之間的語意關連較受限制與直接時，語意情境與字形損毀仍然是影響一個相同的處理階段。這個結果並不支持Becker文字辨識模式的預測，但支持先前英文的研究發現：語意情境、字形損毀、與字頻對文字辨識過程的影響存在著一種複雜的結構關係。對這種複雜的結構關係目前大多數的文字辨識模式並無法提出適切的解釋。

Recently, therer has been a great deal of interest in understanding the relationship between lexical factors such as context, frequency, and stimulus degradation in word recognition. It has been found that there is an interactive relationship between word frequency and single-word context when readers identify words in a lexical-decision task (Becker, 1979; McDonald, 1980; Borowsky & Besner, 19911a). The magnitude of the effect of context differs for low frequency words. For the relationship between context and degradation, researchers have found that context interacts with degradation, with context-related, degraded words being recognized faster than context-unrelated, degraded words (Meyer, Schvaneveldt, & Ruddy, 1975; Becker & Killon, 1977; McDonald, 1980; Borowsky & Besner, 1991b; Besner & Smith, 1992). As to the relationship between degradation and frequency, studies showed that degradation increases the difficulty of recognition equally for high and low frequency words, with no interaction between these variables (Becker & Killon, 1977; Wilding, 1988; Borowsky & Besner, 1991a). From this pattern of results, investigators have attempted to specify the processing stages of word recognition by employing additive factor logic proposed by Sternberg (1969). According to the additive factor logic, two factors are interpreted as converging their effects on the same stage of processing if there is a statistical interaction between them. If this interaction does not exist, it means that each factor influences a different processing stage. Thus, the interactive relationship between context and frequency means that these variables exert their effects on the same stage of processing of word recognition (Borowsky & Besner, 1991a). Similarly, the interactive relationship between context and degradation can be explained in the same way (Borowsky & Besner, 1991b; Besner & Smith, 1992). In contrast, frequency and degradation are believed to affect the processing of word recognition of different stages since frequency does not interact with degradation (Wilding, 1988; Borowsky & Besner, 1991a).