國中智能不足學生數學應用問題解題歷程研究

A Study Solving of Mathematics Problem Processes in Mentally Students of Junior High Retarded School

本研究主要目的在探討不同數學應用問題表現的國中輕度智能不足學生，在「比較」類應用問題解題表現，並比較其與相同心理年齡國小正常兒童的差異情形。本研究以數學應用問題解題測驗結果之高分組與低分組的智能不足學生與正常兒童共十二名，進行數學應用問題解題臨床晤談，並對晤談原案進行分析。本研究結果發現：一、在「比較」類型的問題中，以「改變量未知」的問題對樣本學生來說最難，其原因是由於「改變量未知」的問題，同時包含比較的關係與語意不一致的特徵，使學生產生錯誤的理解。二、問題理解是影響智能不足學生與正常兒童，在數學應用問題解題成敗的重要因素；對低分組智能不足學生而言，計算能力表現又比其他組的學生為差。三、應用晤談指引與晤談作業單作為晤談材料，研究學生對問題的理解與解題過程所產生的困難有其效用。

The purpose of this study was to explore different performance of the mentally retarded of junior higt school, students on mathematical word problems. Subjects were selected form extremely higt or low scores in word problem solving and interviewed for examining their thinking processes on the solving of the mathematical word problems.The results of the study were as follow:(1) The 'change unknown' problems were the most difficult problems in 'compared word problems' for both mental retarded and normal students. These problems included both characters of 'compared relation' and 'different semantic relation' which made students misunderstanding.(2) Comprehension was one of the most importment factors which affected processes of word problem solving.(3) Clinical interview was a powerful method to explore the factors which affected the mental retarded to solve word problems.