場地依賴／獨立是認知型式或認知能力？

Is Field-Dependence/Independence a Cognitive Style or Cognitive Ability?

場地獨立性（field-independence）是認知型式或認知能力是一頗富爭議的問題。本研究就四十位國小五年級學童為樣本，調查場地獨立性與流體智力、學業成就之關係，以探討場地獨立性是認知型式或認知能力的本質爭論。場地獨立性由無時限的藏圖測驗測量之，流體智力由瑞文氏智力測驗測量之。本研究發現摘述如下：（1）受試者的場地獨立性與流體智力沒有顯著的性別差異。（2）在數學、自然科學、社會等學科，女生較男生有更佳的學業成績。（3）受試者的場地獨立性與流體智力、數學、自然科學、社會等學科成績有中度的正相關。（4）流體智力是場地獨立性最強的預測變項，能有效解釋場地獨立性約33％的變異量。總結相關的討論，顯示由無時限的藏圖測驗測量之場地獨立性較是認知能力而不是認知型式。

Whether field dependence / independence is a cognitive style or cognitive ability is an unresolved controversy. This, study was to investigate the relationships of field-independence as measured by an untimed HFT and fluid intelligence, school achievement on a sample of fifth-grade primary school children (n=40). The findings of this study can be listed as follow: (1) No significant sex difference was found in field-independence as measured by timed HFT or fluid intelligence as measured by the SPM. (2) Boys have a lower achievement in mathematics, science and social studies than girls. (3) Field-independence is moderately correlated to fluid intelligence, achievement in maths, science and social studies. As fluid intelligence was partialled out, field-independence was still positively correlated to achievements in these subjects. (4) Fluid intelligence and achievements in science, maths are the most powerful predictors to predict about 33% of variance in field-independence. Field-independence as measured by the HFT is rather regarded as an ability than a style in this study.