建築物正負壓區劃性能式煙控設計之研究

Design of Zone Pressurization for Performance Based Smoke Control

建築物火災發生時，往往除了起火點外，常因熱煙竄流而造成非火災區域煙霧瀰漫阻礙人員逃生、財產損失與防礙消防人員進入火場救災。因此，維持火災區域負壓、非火災區域正壓之無害條件，為火災安全重要之一環。本文包含國內目前之相關法規研析、比較國際先進國家在建築正負壓區劃防煙系統之方式，以及國內外研究與設計文獻，並對正負壓區劃系統之設計與測試作一綜合性探討。本文針對建築物空間加壓風量與壓差等相關設計問題進一步研究，透過實測及電腦模擬結果進一步驗證，證明以加壓建立空間之正壓可防止煙霧進入，有利於避難逃生，可作為未來審查正負壓區劃防煙系統及政府施政之參考。

When a fire breaks out in a building, in addition to the origin of the fire, quite often the hot smoke will escape around and pervades non-fire zones, impeding evacuation and fire rescue and causing property damages. Therefore, maintaining non-fire zone positive pressure and fire zone negative pressure is one of the important fire safety issues. This paper contains analyses of domestic legal regulations, and comparisons of architectural zone pressurization methods for smoke control adopted by developed countries, as well as references to the research and design literatures from home and abroad, and makes a comprehensive exploration on the design and test of zone pressurization system. In this paper, the design issues of wind pressurization volume of a building space and its pressure discrepancies are discussed, and from the results of field tests and computer modeling simulations, it is proved that using pressurization to establish positive pressure is workable for preventing smoke invasion, and is conducive to evacuation, also can be taken as references in the future for inspecting zone pressurization smoke control system and government policy making.