自知與自律——談漢字教學教師應有的知能

Self-cognition and Self-discipline --Abilities a Mandarin teacher should require

漢字是獨特的書寫符號，它不但是漢語與漢文化的承載體，且非僅單純地記載，在符號與語言間，保有其自身的特質與文化性；因此了解漢字無法忽視文化與語言，認知漢字亦無法純然以線條識記之。職是，學習漢字存在著一定的難度，如何能使漢字易學、易懂、易記，是當今漢字教學一致努力的目標。漢字形音義三位一體，為漢字教學與學習設下了原生的障礙，我們該如何突破與改變呢？誠如我們所知曉的，教師是學習的掌舵人，教師知能良窳，直接影響學生該領域的學習成效。筆者近年關注漢字教學成效，認為不論本國語文教學或對外漢語教學，教師是掌握學習成效的關鍵；身為一位語文教師，如何重新思考語文教育的意義、教師如何適應現今教學環境的變化、如何將理論轉化為實務策略，進而找到有效教學、有效學習的策略。本文由近年來教學心得切入，梳理教學對象與教學環境變動、探知教師於漢字教學時必須具備的知識與能力，期能為語文教育扎下深厚的根基，建構快樂、有效和深度的漢字學習。

Chinese character is a unique writing symbol. It is not just the link between the language and signs. Each of them contains its cultural meaning and feature. We can’t learn Chinese character by memorizing all the written lines but forget the culture and the meaning behind them. Therefore, how to make Chinese character easy to learn, to recognize and to memorize is the common purpose of Chinese teaching nowadays. We regard Chinese character as a completed unit including its script, sound and meaning. However, this also causes the difficulty to teachers and learners while learning Chinese. How can we solve the problem and break through the barrier? It is well-known that teacher is the leader of education. His/her cognition will directly affect students’ learning achievement in any areas. After observing the effect of Chinese character education for years, I believe that teacher is the primal reason of students’ learning achievement no matter in teaching native speakers or foreigners. To be a Chinese teacher, how do we redefine the language education? How can we adapt to the variable teaching environment and find an effective teaching methodology and policy? In this paper, the teaching effect and some relative reasons are the issue that we should focus on. According to my observation of the variable language education environment and the change of learners for the past years, we are able to discover the knowledge and teaching abilities which a teacher should possess to teach Chinese character. Hope we can build a solid foundation for our language education. And everyone will have a joyful and effective Chinese character learning experience.