人體行走轉彎機制

The mechanism of turning on human walking

正常行走狀況下，若欲進行方向的改變，必須維持身體的重心在兩側支撐腳之間，並且保持平衡穩定，「方位的定向」與「轉彎的策略」尤其重要。過往大多數文獻著重於特定族群在步態參數、上下樓梯、戶外活動以及家庭場域的研究等，卻忽略看似簡單的「轉彎」動作。事實上轉彎動作包含「偵測」、「決策」及「轉彎動作執行」等三大步驟，當中的「協調」相當重要，若無法順利執行，甚至有可能引發跌倒危機。因此，本文就人體轉彎之機制，從預期性姿勢調整理論（APAs）開始介紹，進而綜合文獻探討人體轉彎策略，分為「同側支撐腳轉彎」及「交叉腳轉彎」兩種，最後探討人體肢段如何搭配上述策略，成功執行轉彎動作。本文提供在轉彎過程維持平衡之生物力學參數，以及中樞神經決策與外在表現轉彎策略，藉以提供了解「行走轉彎」的複雜機制並降低轉彎過程發生危險之可能性。

Change direction is most important behavior for suddenly decision-making of walking in diary livings which related the complicated to musculo-skeletal system to human body. Motor program with before-and-after turning process include detect by somatosensation, resolute from central nerve system and executive with motor performance. Present article tries to review the mechanism of the turning performance with individual anticipate in environmental hazards. The anticipatory in upper limbs and lower extremities detected in those hazards has been lead to responsible for generating a forwards fall at the ankle which initiates the movement. Besides, surveying the comprehensive turning strategy in common from past references and how individual chosen with body segment enhance direction changing smooth and stable. Given the limited amount of literature available on the task of turning and reduce the possibilities of risk during the process through turning might enhance the well-being to the activities of daily life.