靈魂的事：文學教師在大學通識教育中的任務

The Soul Thing: A Task of Literature Teachers among General Education in the University

近年來高等教育的政策以邁向「卓越」與「頂尖」為主要方向，同時在強調研究能量的績效考量下，學術研究論文的生產更成為大學教師重要的工作內容。在這樣的雙重壓力下，大學裏的文學教師或從事人文教育的研究人才，地位顯得更加邊緣；或者說，當大學普遍在追求卓越與頂尖的同時，其目標與主要設定的研究方向，大多是以自然科學為發展主軸，人文學科的地位變得附屬與次要。本文所要探討的主題，是透過以文學教師為主要描寫對象的文學文本，由於文學教師所關心的大多是「靈魂的事」（史鐵生語），因此許多作者便經常透過此一形象傳達對社會的批判與其更深刻的關懷、或者這樣蒼白、痛苦、掙扎的形象在社會中格格不入之處境；本文透過諸多以文學教師作為主要敘事主角的文學文本的研究，分析文學教師的形象，以及這樣的形象是如何成為一種譬喻（metaphor），間接地形成大眾關於文學教師形象的整體經驗與理解。隨著社會與時代的發展，使得文學教師在進入現代的大學校院後，他們的地位與意義應該有不同的轉變－文學教師介入「卓越」與「頂尖」的方式，除了累積可觀或不容忽視的研究「點數」之外，恐怕不只是強勢翻轉此一位置上的劣勢，而更可能是充分理解並接受此一「邊緣」的姿態與精神，拒絕被體制收編，以發揮文學裏純潔的力量。

In recent years, the main direction of higher education approach has been to move towards ’excellence’ and ’top’. In addition, with the emphasis on research-based performance, academic publication has become a more important component of university faculty's job. Under the dual pressure of teaching and research, the status of university faculty or research professionals in education and the humanities is even more alienated. In other words, in this pursuit of excellence among universities, the research directions and objectives are largely influenced by disciplines in the natural sciences. As a result, education and humanities have become secondary. The theme of this research paper is to explore mainly through the humanities teachers as an object. Since literature teachers are mostly concerned with ’The Soul Thing’ (Shi Tiesheng language), many authors use this to convey their criticisms and deeper concerns of the society. They are also concerned about the unfitting images of paling, suffering, and struggling in the society. This paper used several literature teachers as the main subjects of the study to analyze the image of literature teachers as to explore how this image develops into a metaphor. The paper also explores how this metaphor indirectly leads to the public's understanding and image of literature teachers. This paper argues that under the trend of the pursuit of excellence, it's more important to maintain the value of its pure soul. In other words, an excellent university should have respect, tolerance, and understanding of the mind and position of such talents in order to enrich, diversify, and make greater contributions.