大學生命教育的課程理念與教學實踐

The Curriculum Ideas and Teaching Practice of Life Education in the University

大學辦學的特色就體現在該大學如何發展通識教育，國內通識教育發展面臨最大的瓶頸與困境，就在課程的開設常沒有一套整體通貫與系統井然的通識教育理念來落實到通識課程的經營裡。相對於大學各科系僅關注專業知識的養成，通識教育應該把握住「道問學」與「尊德性」這兩種性質，用現在的語言就稱作「知識思辨」與「精神鍛鍊」，其具體的學術概念為科學教育與生命教育，應將其擴充發展為兩大理念，共同指向「心靈覺醒」這個終極關懷，藉由關注「天，人，物，我」這四大象限的議題，教育學生「成為完整的人」。生命教育不僅是實踐通識教育的一大理念，「心靈覺醒」作為通識教育的終極關懷，更是生命教育的實質內涵，這使得生命教育既是實踐通識教育的起點，更是終點，由此可見其在通識教育具有至關緊要的位置。本文除探討生命教育如何作為通識教育的理念外，更關注生命教育作為一門課程，該如何發展其課程理念與教學實踐。這裡提出「認識自己」、「規劃生活」與「活出意義」三個角度，來作為生命教育的課程理念，並探索筆者自身實際在大學開設生命教育課程獲得的教學經驗，從學生對教學的反應與回饋裡，構思生命教育課程應該如何教，纔能有效獲得讓大學生完成「成己達人」的生命願景。

General education is a distinctive characteristic of college education. The largest bottleneck and difficulty of educational development in Taiwan is that many universities fail to carry out the philosophies of general education. Most of the universities and their schools only focus on professional knowledge. General education should focus on intellectual thinking and spiritual exercise. The professional knowledge and general education should both be incorporated with science education and life education and be used to promote spiritual awakening. This paper uses four quadrants - ideal, human, material, and self - to show how general education can teach students to become a whole person. Life education is not only a philosophy of general education, it also includes spiritual awakening. Therefore, life education can be said to be the start and the end of general education, playing a crucial role in education. This paper discusses how life education's philosophies can be taught through general education and introduces theories and practices of life education. This paper proposes to teach life education through three angles: ”Understand yourself,” ”plan your life,” and ”live meaningfully.” The paper also includes a lesson plan of life education the author designed. The plan is based on the author's experience in teaching life education in universities and student's reactions and feedback. The paper hopes to help college students help themselves and others to make achievements in their lives effectively.