幼托機構甄選幼兒教師的方式與錄取因素之研究：求職者的人力資本、文化資本、與社會資本對園所主管的影響

The Methods and Conditions about Selecting Preschool Teachers: The Effect of Teachers' Human Capital%2C Culture Capital%2C and Social Capital to Preschool Principals

幼教職場取才是偏重人力資本？文化資本？或社會資本？本研究透過園所主管來了解甄選方式、錄取因素、及各項資本的重要性，並比較不同類型園所（公/私立、幼稚園/托兒所、城/鄉）的差異。以全國性抽樣分析22縣市229位園所主管的資料顯示，教學實作與面談是最重要的甄選方式，經驗與教學能力則是最重要的錄取因素。不同園所類型之間，公／私立園所在甄選方式與錄取因素上都有差異，公立園所較重視筆試的甄選方式，錄取因素較重視求職者的教學能力，私立園所較重視面談與教學實作的甄選方式，錄取因素較重視經驗；幼稚園／托兒所在錄取因素上有差異，城／鄉之間則無論在甄選方式與錄取因素上都無顯著差異。此外，園所主管普遍重視求職者的人力資本，不重視其社會資本，並不因園所類型而有差異；但私立園所較公立園所重視求職者的文化資本。

Dose preschool teachers’ employment emphasize on human capital， culture capital， or social capital? Base on preschool principals’ point of view， this study realizes the methods to select teachers， the conditions of employment， each capital’s importance， and understanding of the differences between public and private， urban and rural， kindergartens and childcare centers. Through random sampling， this study establishes a database from the survey to 229 principals in 22 cities nationwide. The results explore practice in class and oral test are the main methods to select teachers. The main conditions of employment are experience and teaching capability. About different type of preschools， there are many differences in methods and conditions between public and private. Public preschools focus on written test method and emphasize on teaching capability but private ones focus on oral test and practice in class， and emphasize experience. There are differences in conditions between kindergartens and childcare centers， but no differences in methods and conditions between urban and rural. Furthermore， principals all emphasize on human capital not on social capital and it is no differences among different type of preschools. About cultural capital， private schools emphasize on it more.