早產兒母親對早產兒的照顧需求及影響因素

The care needs of premature mother and its related factors

台灣地區每年約有30萬個新生兒即有3萬個早產兒，而早產發生率1987年約4.63%逐年增加到1996年的10.17%，其中有13.539毛的早產兒需住在新生兒加護病房NICU（Neonatal Intensive Care Unite）除了耗用大量醫療資源及財務負擔外，如何確保其照護品質也是重要課題。當早產兒病情及體重穩定成長若出院轉為居家照護時，其照護者因需要學習許多照護技能而負擔極大的身心壓力，因此提供適切的照護對早產兒母親而言是一重要課題。本研究目的在探討早產母親認為最重要的照護需求項目排序及其影響因素。採描述性研究，以南區某區域教學醫院兒科加護病房早產兒母親為對象。有37位早產兒其母親參與此研究，採用「早產兒照護需求量表」。Cronbach’s α係數為.96再測信度為.75。以SPSS 10.0電腦軟體分析研究資料。結果呈現認為最重要的照護需求為「我希望能瞭解寶寶所服用藥物的作用」、「我希望知道如何預防寶寶受感染」。影響需求之因素包括母親的疾病史、年齡、流產次數、教育程度、國籍。本研究結果可提供早產兒照護人員對照顧早產兒及其母親之參考，以達到早產見整合性的照護品質。

There were 30,000 premature infants out of 300,000 per year in Taiwan. The prevalence of premature was increased from 4.63% in 1987 compared with 10.17% in 1996.For premature infants, there was 13.53% admitted into intensive care service such as NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unite), on the other hand these situations could spend a huge medical expense. This important issue have arisen out how to make a good quality care for premature infants and what is the important care needs for premature mother? When premature infants discharged from hospital it was under pressure for taking premature care at home for the mothers. Therefore, The purpose of this study was to investigate the three most important factors of premature mother needs in critical care setting. A descriptive exploratory study design was used to investigate the factors related to premature mother needs. Thirty-seven premature mothers from a local hospital's NICU was included. In this study the Premature Infant Care Needs questionnaire was used. Coefficient Cronbach's a reliability was .96, test-retest reliability was.75. Thirty-seven completed data was analyzed using SPSS 10.0 software. Study results found that the most important need was 'To understand the medicine effect and side effect for infants”; 'To have a knowledge of protecting infants from infection environment', were identified by the premature mother as the most important item that was necessary to be satisfied. Factors influencing the needs of premature mother included disease history, age, frequency of abortion, educational level, nationality. The finding can be used as a reference for the medical personnel of premature care in order to address needs and concerns of premature mother and the quality of premature care.