泰安鄉清安村洗水坑客家聚落族群邊際的生成變化

Changes of Ethic Boundaries between Hakka and Atayal in Ching-An Village of Tai-An Township Miaoli County

苗栗縣泰安鄉清安村與大湖鄉接壤，是客家人與泰雅族混居的村落，也是泰安鄉客家人集中且人數多於泰雅族的聚落，本研究調查的分析軸向與研究目的，乃探討客家人進出泰安鄉洗水坑的歷時性節奏及其形塑山林街市聚落的族群邊際之生成變化；本研究採取質性研究的觀察法與訪談法進行調查。
就聚落族群邊際（界）的生成變化分析，可以得到如下的研究成果：一、山林資源的競取，引生原住民與客家人（或稱「原」與「客」）族群衝突的邊際；二、土地資源的政策，有利於原住民而不利於客家人；三、政治參與政策，限定原住民領導，致使客家在當地的政治生態處於相對弱勢，而感到不平；四、食貨交易與交換互動，形成原客經濟行為的差異邊際；透過語言的學習與使用，形成同族異語的內在分殊邊際；五、文化慣習實踐所形成的族群邊際方面，原住民信仰天主教；客家人則是傳統習俗與民間道教，而泰安鄉的節慶活動與休閒活動，一向以泰雅族群為主軸；六、豆腐街的美食文化節，雖然以客家人為主導者，但是並未主打族群產業的特色意象；七、泰安鄉的客家人和原住民的通婚相當少，擇偶對象所形塑的原客族群邊際，仍然存在著差異與偏見。整體而言，族群意象朝向合作改善的趨向發展，然而客家人還是多自認為比原住民的文化水準高。

Ching-An Village of Tai-An Township in Miaoli County is a mixture village of Hakka settlements and Atayal tribes. The purposes of this study is to research rhythms of ethnic boundaries between Hakka and Atayal, the social-economic variation and development of Hakka tribe within the environment mainly of the indigenous members.
This research adopts the In-depth interview and observation methods. Totally the discoveries we know: 1. The competition of the local resources led to the benefit conflict and ethnic conflict of Hakka settlement and Atayal tribe. 2. The land ownership and inheritance are more beneficial to the aboriginal tribe. 3. Hakka inhabitants are always in weak-situation in the local political ecology and welfare policy; 4. Market and exchange are helpful to constitute the interactional relations and ethnic language commuinties between aborigine and Hakka; 5. The aboriginal adopts the Catholic ceremony while the Hakka adopts the traditional Tao belief. 6. It is very rare for the Hakka and Atayal to get married to each other; 7. It is very race for the Hakka and Atayal to get married to each other.