國小高年級客家學童客家語學習與族群認同之相關研究—以新竹縣關西地區為例

A Study of the Relationship between Hakka Learning and Hakka’s Ethnic Identity of Elementary School Senior Hakka Students at the Guansi Area in Hsinchu County

本研究旨在瞭解新竹縣關西地區國小高年級客家學童客家語學習與族群認同的關係。本研究採問卷調查法，研究工具為自編之「新竹縣關西地區國民小學高年級客家學童族群認同量表」，調查對象為新竹縣關西鎮9所公立小學普通班高年級29班，共計607位客家學童，回收543份，得有效問卷460份，回收率為89.45%。所獲取的資料，以次數百分比、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關、多元逐步回歸等統計方法，以及質性方法進行分析。重要結果如下：一、關西地區國小高年級客家學童客語學習情形尚佳。二、多數的客家學童認為拼音及客語說話是困難的。三、多數學童覺得每週上一節客家語課是最好的。四、學童具良好客語聽說能力，而家中主要使用語言為客語之關西地區國小高年級客家學童在「整體客語學習」表現較佳。五、家中主要使用語言為客語之關西地區國小高年級客家學童在「整體族群認同」表現較佳。六、關西地區國小高年級客家學童具有良好的族群認同，其中以「族群行為模式」表現最佳。七、關西地區國小高年級客家學童客語學習與族群認同具有顯著正相關，而在客家語學習對於族群認同之預測力方面，以「客語教材」預測力最高。本研究針對研究結果，分別對教育主管機關、學校、教師與家長提出建議以供參考。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between Hakka learning and Hakka‟s ethnic identity at Guansi town in Hsinchu County. This study intended a self-compiled questionnaire to collect empirical data.607 Hakka children with high grades at Guansi town in Hsinchu County participated in this study. 543 were retrieved and 460 were valid. Percentage， one-way ANOVA， Pearson product-moment correlation， Stepwise Regression analysis and Qualitative methods were employed to analyze this data. The main findings were as follows: 1. Elementary school senior Hakka students‟ Hakka learning was good at Guansi area. 2. Most of the Hakka students thought that the alphabet and Hakka speaking were the most difficult. 3. Most students thought that a period for a Hakka class a week was the best. 4. The students with good Hakka listening and speaking ability， mainly using the Hakka language at home of elementary school senior Hakka students at Guansi area had higher scores on “overall Hakka learning.” 5. The students with good Hakka listening and speaking ability， mainly using the Hakka language at home of elementary school senior Hakka students at Guansi area had higher scores on “overall ethnic identity .” 6. Elementary school senior Hakka students at Guansi area had good ethnic identity and “ethnic behavior” was the highest. 7. There was a significant positive correlation between Hakka learning and ethnic identity and the Hakka teaching material was the most predictive of the ethnic identity of elementary school senior Hakka students at Guansi area. Finally， some suggestions were provided for education administration， schools， teachers， and parents.