發展遲緩兒童隔代教養家庭親職教育方案之建構

The construction of parenting program for grandparents who are raising grandchildren with developmental delays

台灣地區近年來家庭結構逐漸在改變中，隔代教養家庭越來越多。隔代教養造成的溝通不良，伴隨家計沉重的生活壓力，使得隔代教養問題更加引人關注。在隔代教養家庭中，祖父母受限於體力、教養能力與經濟困境等社會條件與文化不利的情況下，其是否能提供滿足一般兒童成長與發展之所需，巴著實令人擔憂，更遑論有特殊需求之發展遲緩兒童了。本研究以早期療育預防之觀點，嘗試及早提供隔代教養家庭所需的服務，以期達到家庭充權、健全家庭功能，進一步預防隔代教養家庭兒童發展遲緩之加深。\r本研究從台灣地區隔代教養比例較高的十三個縣市，抽取六個縣市，依比例並以立意取樣方式，針對一百個發展遲緩兒童隔代教養家庭，進行親職需求調查。以文獻為基礎編制問卷「隔代教養家庭祖父母之親職教育需求調查J·內容歸納為四大面向孫子女教養技巧、孫子女的相關福利資源、個人自我保健與成長以及家庭互動。全部以面訪方式完成問卷調查。依據調查結果，選取單一題項需求超過40%之項目，初擬親職教育方案，再透過專家焦點座談，進而定稿r發展遲緩兒童隔代教養親職方案』。方案設計以四大面向為主軸，包含二十五個活動內容，供早期療育服務提供者使用，具體提昇家庭功能。

The role of family members in providing supports for children with developmental delays recently has this focus widened to include the role of extended family especially the grandparents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the demands and capabilities of grandparents raising young grandchildren with developmental delays and constructing a program to enhance their abilities and adaptation. Participants of this study include 100 families residing in six counties in Taiwan， for grandchildren age birth through 6 years with developmental delays. The Family Needs Scale as well as a questionnaire of grandparent and grandchildren demographic information completed by interviewing the grandparents. The parental education needs for grandparents of children with developmental delay can be divided into four aspects: the teaching methods for grandchildren' the relating welfare resources for grandchildren 'personal health care and interaction within family. The results were served as the foundation to construct the [Parenting program for grandparents raising grandchildren with developmental delays]. The program consists of twenty-five activities、providers and locations for implantation are recommended.