從憲法平等權論教育平等

The Study on Education Equality from the Perspective of Constitution Equal Protection

教育平等的涵義乃是在尊重個體的基本人權與自由的基礎之下，能使個體擁有平等的受教權與均等的教育機會，必要時則針對弱勢者給予積極性之差別待遇。然而我國政府每年至少得花60億於軍公教子女教育津貼，相較於其他弱勢學生的照顧，似乎有違教育公平之舉。此外，96年公佈的大法官釋字626號涉及受教權與教育平等權之議題，又95年修正之「原住民學生升學優待及原住民公費留學辦法」亦涉及原住民入學加分之差別性待遇。因此，本文目的即是以憲法上平等權來探討教育事務上的平等權案例，文中首先論述憲法平等權的意涵與教育平等權之意涵、接著以國內法律學者的見解說明憲法平等權的判斷程序，並論及美國、德國以及我國在憲法平等權上之審查基準，最後則以憲法平等權的判斷程序與審查基準來討論軍公教補助、原住民入學加分以及大法官釋字第626號中的教育平等之問題。

The meaning of education equality is to allow each individual have the equal right to education and opportunity for education on the basis of the respect for each individual’s basic human rights and freedom; when it is necessary， the minority group will be given positive differentiated measure. Nevertheless， our government has to spend at least 6 billions on the subsidy for the education of the offspring of those who serve in the army， who are public servants and teachers in public schools. Compared to the caring of other students of the minority group， it seems like a disobedience to the concept of education equity. In addition， Interpretation No. 626 issued in 2007 touched on the issues of right to education and education equality， and “Regulation of Aboriginal Students’ Preference on Educational Advancement and MOE-Sponsored Overseas Education” amended in 2006 also mentioned the differentiated treatment of aboriginal’s score adding in their exam. Therefore， the purpose of this study is to investigate the cases related to education equality from the perspective of equal protection. This study first discussed the meanings of equal protection and education equality， and explained the judging process of equal protection by the opinions of domestic scholars of law field， and discussed the reviewing standards of equal protection of U.S.， Germany， and Taiwan， and finally investigated the issues of the educational subsidy for the offspring of those who serve in the army， who are public servants and teachers in public schools， aboriginals’ score adding in exams and education equality mentioned in Interpretation No. 626 by the judging process and review standard of equal protection.