教育作為基本人權的四個理論基礎、權利類型與概念反思

The Reflection on Four Theoretical Foundation, Right Typology, Concept of Education as Human Right

教育作為基本人權，是現今多數人相信的普世價值，本文論述其四個理論基礎，分別為教育的社會與文化傳承價值、教育為社會福利之一環、教育是個體發展的先前條件、教育為人性尊嚴之保障，並分析其對應的法律權利類型，分別為生存權、公民權、學習權、自我實現權。在文末也反思前述理論基礎與權利類型之迷思，指出教育作為基本人權的四個理由背後的共同基本預設之問題，反省過往一直被認為教育作為自我實現的價值，並探討過往教育目的的訂定太偏向個人化，而失去對他者和情感交流面向的描述。

Education, as a basic Human right, is a universal value widely accepted by society. This study reveals the four theoretical foundations of Education as Human Right are inheritance of society and culture, the part of social welfare, the requirements of self-development, the protection of human dignity. These foundations correspond to the rights to life, citizen, learning, and self-actualization. In result, the author reflects on misconceptions of theoretical foundation and right typology, following by challenges the education as rights to self-actualization and is partial to individual which lack of others and emotional communicate perspective.