新時代之師生關係──建構以法律素養為基礎的教師專業倫理

The Teacher-student Relationship in the New Era: Constructing Teacher’s Professional Ethics Based on Legal Literacy

本文旨在以過去教師角色的觀點出發，進而反思當今教師如何在與學生的互動過程中表現出合宜的態度及行為。首先，筆者嘗試針對教師角色、教師社會地位、以及教師權威的概念進行學理分析，試圖提出一種建立在法律素養基礎上的教師專業倫理。其次，筆者論述新時代的教師應具備熟悉國內外教育法規的法律素養，特別以《兒童權利公約》等其他法規進行說明。再者，筆者針對教師專業倫理的概念提出論述，當中包含德行倫理學以及關懷倫理學的主張。最後，本文建議包含：一、師資生應於教育法規課程上深化基礎以及熟悉相關案例；二、師資生應強化心理諮商及輔導的知能及實務訓練得以與各種不同特質之學生進行互動；三、學校應建構健全機制協助初任教師與資深教師在經驗上之傳授；四、藉由師生彼此之間的關懷提升自我道德負責的意識。

This article aims to reflect on how today’s teachers can demonstrate appropriate attitudes and behaviors when interacting with students from the perspective of the teacher's role in the past. First, the author begins with a theoretical analysis of teachers’ roles, social status, and authority and proposes teachers’ professional ethics based on legal literacy. The author discusses that teachers in the new era should have legal literacy regarding domestic and international education regulations, particularly emphasis on the Convention on the Rights of the Child by the United Nations and others. Furthermore, the author discusses the teacher’s professional ethics concept, including virtue ethics and ethics of care. Finally, the author concludes with four key recommendations: 1. Student teachers should deepen their foundation in education regulations courses and become familiar with relevant case studies; 2. Student teachers should strengthen their knowledge and practical training in psychological consultation and counseling to interact with diverse students; 3. Schools should establish a sound mechanism to facilitate the transfer of experience between new and veteran teachers; 4. Enhance the awareness of moral responsibility through mutual caring between teachers and students.