十九世紀西方活字印刷術對中日兩國紙張製造的影響：以紙張無損微觀分析為切入口

The Impact of 19th-Century Western Movable Type Printing on Papermaking in China and Japan: A Study Based on Non-Destructive Microanalysis of Paper

西方活字印刷術於十五世紀由古騰堡發明，為西方近代文明知識體系的成立及傳播做出了無與倫比的貢獻。大約四個世紀後，西方活字印刷術傳入中國與日本，同樣也推動了中日兩國的近代化。有關金屬活字的研究頗多，但是西方的活字印刷術之所以能夠普及，除了金屬活字的製造之外，還有一個重要的元素是印刷用的紙張。
但是遺憾的是提到紙張問題的研究很少。其中一個原因是史料的缺乏，因此本文利用高精度數碼顯微鏡直接對「紙張」進行無損分析，通過比較紙張的異同以及對相關文獻的調查，以「紙張」這一元素為基礎分析比較中日兩國十九世紀引進西方活字印刷術時對各自紙張製造的影響。

Western movable type printing was invented by Gutenberg in the 15th century, making an unparalleled contribution to the establishment and dissemination of the knowledge system that underpins modern Western civilization. Approximately four centuries later, this technology was introduced to China and Japan, playing a significant role in their respective modernization processes.
While many studies have focused on metal movable type itself, the widespread adoption of Western printing technology was not due to the type alone. Another crucial element was the paper used for printing.
However, studies addressing the issue of paper are scarce, partly due to the limited availability of historical materials. This article therefore employs a high-precision digital microscope to non-destructively analyze historical paper directly. By comparing the similarities and differences in paper materials and examining related literature, this study explores how the introduction of Western movable type printing influenced papermaking practices in 19th-century China and Japan, with a particular focus on the material aspect of“paper”.