少年事件處理法修法對兒少偏差行為輔導與管教之挑戰與因應

Challenges and Responses of Juvenile Justice Act Amendments on Counseling and Disciplining Children’s Deviant Behaviors

本文旨在探討《兒童權利公約》國內法化之後，兒少權益及偏差行為處遇的觀點改變。透過認識《兒童權利公約》的禁止歧視、兒少最佳利益優先、生命生存及發展權、兒少表意權等一般性原則，分析《少年事件處理法》修法後的偏差行為類別與內涵，區分該法對於「12歲以上未滿18歲」及「7歲以上未滿12歲」之偏差行為定義及處遇，並了解近年來少年觸法行為、曝險行為及其他偏差行為的類型趨勢，以作為規劃學校行政相關政策之參考。本文建議學校行政應充分瞭解《少年事件處理法》修法後對學生輔導及管教的影響，並且提出因應對策：一、健全兒少自我：理解兒少個人特質、特殊障礙或家庭環境等因素，建立對其理解、正向關懷及容錯空間；二、降低偏差行為發生：關注及緩衝風險因子，提升保護因子或促進因子，以降低偏差行為發生率，增強正向發展的可能性；三、落實行政輔導先行：少年輔導委員會結合福利、教育、心理、醫療等資源進行曝險少年之輔導，協助少年復歸正軌生活，或請求少年法院處理；四、進行跨網絡合作：與外部單位進行系統合作，善用社區資源、精神醫療、警察系統、鄰里安全系統、社區相關民間組織等網絡資源。

This article aimed to explore the view change in the treatment of children’s rights and deviant behaviors after the domestic legalization of the Convention on the Rights of Children (CRC). Through understand¬ing the general principles of CRC, such as prohibition of discrimination, priority of the best interests of children, right to life, survival and devel¬opment, and the right of children to expression, we analyzed the types and connotations of deviant behavior after the amendment of Juvenile Justice Act, and distinguished the definitions and treatment of deviant behavior for whom has“reached the age of twelve years but under the age of eighteen years”and“reached the age of seven years but under the age of twelve years”under the Act, and understood the trends of juve¬nile delinquent behaviors, risky behaviors, and other deviant behaviors in recent years. The article suggested that school administrators should fully understand the impact of the amended of the Juvenile Justice Act on student counseling and discipline, and propose countermeasures: 1. Im¬prove children’s self-growth : understanding of children’s personal char¬acteristics, special obstacles, or family environment and other factors, to establish their understanding, positive care and room for tolerance; 2. Reduce the occurrence of deviant behavior : pay attention to and mitigate risk factors, and enhance protective or promotional factors, in order to reduce the incidence of deviant behaviors and increase the possibility of positive development; 3. Understand administrative guidance first : the Juvenile Counseling Committee combines welfare, educational, psycho¬logical, and medical resources to provide counseling to at-risk juveniles, and to assist juveniles in returning to the right track of life, or to request juvenile courts to handle the matter; 4. Conduct cross-network coopera¬tion : carry out systematic cooperation with external entities, and make good use of community resources, psychiatric medical care, the police system, the neighborhood security system, and the community’s related non-governmental organizations and other network resources.