女子籃球三對三及五對五比賽體能需求之差異

Differences in physical demands between women’s 3x3 and 5x5 basketball games

緒論：三對三籃球比賽是一項新興的奧運正式比賽項目。相對於五對五籃球賽，三對三籃球賽從場地大小、比賽時間、球員人數等規則皆有所不同。然而關於這兩種不同賽制籃球比賽對女子球員外在體能需求的研究仍是匱乏的。因此，本研究目的為比較女子三對三及五對五籃球比賽球員在相同比賽時間下移動特性以及外在球員負荷（Player Load）之差異。方法：使用局部定位系統（local positioning system）（Goalgo T1, Tromin TechnologyCo., Ltd., Taiwan）分別記錄（一）32位女子大專籃球員進行的8場三對三籃球比賽（共16隊次），以及（二）19位女子籃球員進行的4場五對五籃球比賽（共8隊次）。每場三對三及五對五的比賽時間皆為10分鐘。分析並比較每場比賽每隊場上球員的平均移動參數以及球員負荷。結果：兩種比賽之間球員的場上時間以及高加速度次數（> + 2 m/s2）皆無顯著差異（p > .05）。三對三比賽球員的走路（≤1.67m/s）距離以及高減速度次數（< -2 m/s2）皆顯著高於五對五比賽球員（p < .05）；不過在總移動距離、慢跑距離（1.67−3.3 m/s）、快跑距離（3.3−5 m/s）、衝刺距離（> 5 m/s）、平均速度、最高速度、衝刺次數（> 5 m/s）、變換方向次數（> 2 m）以及Player Load則皆顯著低於五對五比賽球員（p < .05）。結論：女子三對三及五對五籃球比賽在相同的比賽時間下，兩者間有相似的高加速度次數的移動需求；相異之處在於，三對三的球員有更多的減速度次數需求，但相反地五對五比賽則在中高速度移動以及變換方向的體能需求較高。建議教練可根據本研究結果，針對不同比賽項目之球員進行專項化體能訓練。

Introduction: 3x3 basketball is a new official Olympic competition. It differs from the 5x5 game in court size, game time, and number of players. However, research on the physical demands of female players of these two basketball formats is still insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the movement characteristics and external load (player load) of players in women's 3x3 and 5x5 basketball under the same game time. Methods: A local positioning system (Goalgo T1, Tromin Technology Co., Ltd., Taiwan) was used to record (1) eight 3x3 basketball games (a total of 16 teams) played by 32 female college basketball players and (2) four 5x5 basketball games played by 19 female basketball players (8 team times). Each 3x3 and 5x5 game was 10 minutes long. The average movement parameters and external load of players on the field per team per game were analyzed and compared. Results: The average live playing time and high acceleration (> +2 m/s2) did not differ significantly between the two games (p > .05). The walking distance (≤1.67 m/s) and number of high decelerations (< -2 m/s2) of the 3x3 basketball players were significantly higher than those of the 5x5 players (p < .05); however, the 3x3 players’total cover distance, jogging distance (1.67−3.3 m/s), fast running distance (3.3−5 m/s), sprinting distance (> 5 m/s), average speed, maximum speed, number of sprints (> 5 m/s), number of changes of direction (> 2 m), and player load were significantly lower than those of the 5x5 players (p < .05). Conclusion: Women’s 3x3 and 5x5 basketball games have similar movement demands for high acceleration times under the same game time. However, 3x3 players perform more decelerations, while the 5x5 game requires higher physical demands to move at medium and high speeds and change direction. Based on the results of this study, coaches can implement specialized physical training for players performing under different basketball game conditions.