跨「國」對話：以「網指之間」、「女潮」與「她的抽象」三個藝術展覽為例

Beowulf: Motivations behind Hospitality and Inhospitality

本研究以2003年後，臺灣強調「女性主體」的三個藝術∕工藝∕科技展覽為研究、分析的對象，分別是2003年由女性藝術協會所策劃的科技藝術的展覽―「網指之間－生活在科技年代」（From My Fingers－Living in the Technological Age）、2018年到2019年國立臺灣工藝研究發展中心的「女潮：女性主體與藝術創作展」（Femi-Flow: Creating Female Subjectivity in Art）與2019年臺北市立美術館的「她的抽象」（The Herstory of Abstraction in East Asia），藉由三個展覽的爬梳，勾勒出臺灣2000年後在「女性藝術家實踐」政治或組織化的行動與研究成果，來觀看女性藝術創作的發展；並展現臺灣在「跨國界」、「跨媒材」與「跨領域合作」在東亞的連結，女性藝術家如何藉由在地歷史背景與材料表現出女性主體與性別特質，以及關懷世界的面向。從三個展覽來思考「多中心的跨國模式」，而非多元文化主義形式，女性藝術家展演其觀念性∕行動主義的創作內涵與精神樣貌，人文關懷如何介入科技藝術，並超越女性的性別意識，以作為跨「國」藝術∕社會運動交流的平臺與串聯的基礎。
本研究援引科學史學家唐娜．哈洛威（Donna J. Haraway）的「賽伯格」政治（Cyborgs）強調「身體生產的機器」（the apparatus of bodily prodution）的觀點，來詮釋科技∕生物學∕醫學如何介入藝術∕工藝的論述？本論文引用美國紐約州漢彌頓學院（Hamilton College）的後殖民女性批評家莫杭蒂（Chandra T. Mohanty）的論點來看待「第三世界女性∕他者∕東方性」之觀點；最後，以猶太裔藝術家與精神分析哲學家艾婷爵（Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger）「母體與變形論」（Matrix and Metramorphosis）理論，重新思考「陰性空間」的多元差異、平等存在共同之可能，來看待東方∕東亞∕東南亞女性創作者之身份。
藝術機構作為跨國女性藝術家實踐與行動組織為思考，透過展覽的跨國女性主義實踐與行動，藉由不同經驗、立場、主體的對話，產生不同位置的女性群體相互合縱連橫策略性的集結，相互串連、彼此支援所產生的「縱橫主義」（Transversalism）或「縱橫政治」（Transversal Politics）。其超脫民族國家（nation-state），不單跨越了國家體制的界線，實質上也已經跨越了種族、階級、性別、地域、歷史、意識形態的侷限與邊界，進而達到眾聲喧嘩、複調合聲的境界。

This study examines three exhibition on the topics of art, craft and technology that emphasized‘female subjectivity’in Taiwan after the year 2000. One is the‘From My Fingers–Living in the Technological Age’exhibition on technology and art curated by Taiwan Women’s Art Association in 2003; the second one is the‘Femi-Flow: Creating female Subjectivity in Art’curated by the National Taiwan Craft Research and Development Institute during 2018 and 2019; the third one is‘The Herstory of Abstraction in East Asia’curated by Taipei Fine Arts Museum. Through the research and review of these three exhibitions, the researcher aims to outline the political and organizational action and the research outcome of the‘practice of feminism’in Taiwan after the year 2000; and show how Taiwan connects to South East Asia through‘cross-border’,‘cross-material’and‘cross-field cooperation’approaches and how female artists utilize local history and materials as context to express feminism and gender traits and the dimensions of their concern for the world. Through these three exhibitions,‘multi-centered cross-national model’but not multiculturalism can be studied through how female artists enact their conceptual/ activism creative connotation and spirit, how humanistic care can intervene technological art and transcend female gender awareness to build the premise for the platform and connection of cross-‘national’art and social movement communication.
This study cites the idea of‘Cyborgs’proposed by science historian Donna J. Haraway to emphasize the apparatus of bodily production to explain the discourse of how technology, biology and medicine can interfere art/ craft. This thesis cites the argument by postcolonial female critic Chandra T. Mohanty from Hamilton College in New York state to understand‘third world women/ others/ oriental’and scholars Françoise Lionnet and Shu-Mei Shih, who advocate that“minor culture should not be just relative to the weak/mainstream culture, but should be linked with other minor cultures in other places and include them into the category of comparison and transnationality.”
Finally, through the reexamination of the possibility of the co-existence of diversity and equal existence of‘chora’(maternal space)through the theory of Matrix and Metamorphosis proposed by Jewish artist and psychoanalytic philosopher Bracha Lichtenberg Ettinger, the researcher attempts to find anew way of placing the identity of Eastern/ East Asia/ South East Asian female artists.
When we think about how to establish adifferent future, through the curation and exhibition organized by awoman, it is committed to the value of female's creative experience and the technique of participating in technology; through the collection of museum collections, the curatorial process and the exchange of exhibitions, this exhibition aims to create asustainable exchange justice for all, creating agender equal future and ashared social wellbeing in the community.