西周金文述祖銘辭研究

A Study on the format of“Shu Zu”in Western Zhou Bronze Inscriptions

在近年對西周金文格式的研究中，有一類被稱為「器主曰」的銘文受到重視。對於此一銘文格式的討論，學者或從主題與格式加以限定，或從「器主曰」的形式加以認定，寬嚴認定有所不同。本文從柯馬丁（Martin Kern）「傳統公共語庫」的概念出發，以「結構」與「用語」的角度切入分析，在「器主曰」此一涵義廣泛的類別之外，別立「述祖銘辭」。此類銘辭結構往往遵循「祖考之德」、「祖考輔佐先王」、「今人率型祖考之德」、「具體作為」、「時王獎賞」的欄位書寫，具有高度的相似性。其用語亦往往重複使用，突出此一類型的特別之處。且其用語多襲用於冊命銘文，暗示兩者在格式化的過程中，有著密切的關聯。

Among the research results on the format of the Western Zhou Dynasty inscriptions in recent years, there is a type of inscription called “Qizhu yue” 器主曰 that has received attention. For the discussion of this inscription format, some scholars define this inscription format from the theme and format, while others define this inscription format in the form of “Qizhu yue.” There are broad and strict differences in the two aspects. Starting from the concept of Martin Kern’s “traditional public language repository,” this paper analyzes from the perspectives of “structure” and “words,” and distinguishes the inscriptions “Shu Zu” 述祖in the form of “Qizhu yue.” The content and structure of such inscriptions are often written in the columns of “Virtues of Ancestors,” “Ancestors Helping Kings,” “Virtues of Descendants Follow Ancestors’ Virtues,” “Specific Actions of Descendants,” and “Rewards of Kings,” each of which follows a similar pattern. The term usages are also repeated, highlighting what makes the genre special.