從霸伯盂銘文論周王朝與霸國之互動關係――兼論周王朝的邦國聯盟

On the Interaction between the Zhou Dynasty and the Baguo （霸國） from the Inscriptions of Babo yu （霸伯盂）

本文旨在從互動（interaction）視角探索大河口墓地M1017 出土之〈霸伯盂〉銘文，思考霸國的性質、文化認同及其與周王朝之關係。首先聚焦〈霸伯盂〉的出土背景與器形特徵，從M1017 的伴出器物到器形特色，注意到該墓主要仍屬周文化範疇，但保留部分商文化及在地文化特徵。其次針對銘文所見的互動詞語進行探討，討論蔑懋、歸（饋）、瓚賓、敢敏、（予）賓等詞彙，認為這些用詞表明霸伯雖接受周王朝的君臣結構及禮儀制度，但仍保有一定的獨立空間。其三則以〈霸伯盂〉為定點，否定霸國屬「懷姓九宗」之說，認同其應是一個異姓小型封國。同時通過墓葬資訊及其他銘文，論證霸國雖接納周王朝體制，但在葬俗或藝術方面仍保有不同的文化特徵。最後，以霸國為基點思考周王朝與異姓邦國的互動情形，指出異姓邦國雖在銘文中呈現臣服周天子的君臣關係，但其他方面卻仍保有其獨立性，而周禮正是周王朝用以鞏固諸邦國的重要手段，雙方互動模式應是「邦國聯盟」的關係。

The purpose of this article is to study the Babo yu（霸伯盂）inscriptions unearthed in Dahekou Cemetery（大河口墓地） M1017 from an interactive perspective, and to discuss the nature of the Baguo, its cultural identity, and its relationship with the Zhou Dynasty. Firstly, discuss the features of M1017 and Babo yu. We argue that judging from the other unearthed artifacts and shape features of M1017, the tomb still belongs to the Zhou culture, but retains some characteristics of the Shang culture and local culture. Secondly, several groups of words related to interaction are discussed, including Miao Mao（蔑懋）, Gui（饋）, Zan Bin（贊賓）, Gan Min（敢敏）, Yu Bin（予賓）, etc. We believe that these words indicate that although Babo accepted the Zhou Dynasty’s system of monarchs and ministers, he still retained some political independence. Third, we do not agree that the Hegemony belongs to the “Huai Xing Jiu Zong（懷姓九宗）,” and believe that it should be a small feudal state with different surnames. At the same time, using tomb information and other inscriptions, it is demonstrated that although the Hegemony adopted the Zhou Dynasty system, it still retains different cultural characteristics in terms of burial customs and art. Finally, this research based on the interaction between the Baguo and the Zhou Dynasty to infer the political relationship of state with different surnames with the Zhou Dynasty may belong to confederation.