非生物生態系服務於地質公園價值評估之應用：以利吉惡地地質公園為例

The application of abiotic ecosystem services in geoparks assessment: A case study in Lichi Badland Geopark

地質公園自2016年《文化資產保存法》修法後正式納入自然資產中的自然地景項目，至今已有9個地區公告為縣定或直轄市定的地質公園。然而根據法規的指定基準，地質公園僅提到須具備科學的重要性，而立法理由又期待能達到對社區生態、生活、生產的效益，科學價值與對社會發展的效益之間缺乏關鍵的連結，因而使地質公園的價值論述出現重視科學以及重視社區參與的兩種觀點。非生物生態系服務做為以科學的基礎來評估地質多樣性對於人類社會效益的方法，是近年來地質保育研究中時常被提及的概念，也有許多應用在地質公園與地質景點評估的案例。
本研究嘗試以非生物生態系服務來進行利吉惡地地質公園的價值評估，在調節服務、支持服務、供給服務、文化服務與知識服務等面向歸納出17項的效益，其中以文化服務及知識服務最為顯著。透過非生物生態系服務與法規地質公園指定基準與預期效益比對，知識服務詳細闡述了指定基準的科學背景要件，而其他四項服務則指出了地質多樣性與社區之生態、生活、生產之間的關聯，也因此在空間分布上更貼近社區。本研究認為非生物生態系服務提供更全面的觀點來看待地質公園的地質公園保育價值，值得再以其他地質公園為案例來進行評估，以了解其在不同環境背景下的適用性，亦可做為未來法規修訂或制定指引時的依據。

Geoparks were legally included into the natural landscape of Natural Heritage after the amending of Taiwan’s“Cultural Heritage Preservation Act”in 2016. Until now there were 9 areas announced as geoparks at county or city level. According to the designation criteria of geoparks in the law, a geopark must only have scientific importance. But the reason of legislation also mentioned the potential benefits for ecology, life, and production to the community. Because of the lack of linkages between scientific values and benefits to social development, discourses about the value of geoparks are largely shaped according two different points of view. One focusses on the scientific value, and the other focusses on the community participation. Abiotic ecosystem services are a method to discuss the benefits of geodiversity on human society based on a scientific assessment. It is frequently mentioned in recent geoconservation studies and it is also applied to the assessment of geoparks and geosites.
This study tries to use the abiotic ecosystem services method to assess the value of the Lichi badland geopark. We conclude that 17 items of benefits belong to regulating services, supporting services, provision services, cultural services, and knowledge services. The cultural services and knowledge services are most significant. Comparing the abiotic ecosystem services with the geoparks designation criteria and expected benefits of the law will build upon the scientific background of the knowledge services in more detail. The other four services point out the linkage between geodiversity and ecology, life, and production of the community,and that is why their spatial distribution is closer to the community. This study concludes that the abiotic ecosystem services method provides a broader point of view to discuss the geoconservation value in a geopark. It is worth to test this method in other geoparks in order to realize its applicability among different environmental contexts. It is also feasible to use it asa reference when amending the law or regulate the guidelines.