臺灣古典詩文中的蝗災書寫

The Locust Plague Writing of the Taiwanese Classical Literature

從荷治到日治時期，三百餘年間，臺灣間隔一段或長或短的時間，必遭遇蝗災，災情程度不定，但往往導致饑荒發生，其可怕程度與旱澇並列。本文首先以分期方式解說臺灣古典詩文中對蝗災的書寫，並介紹歷代官府應災政策的演變；接著分析臺人對蝗蟲的認知，包括生態推論與延伸的寫作意象，後者按修辭手法可分為兩類，一是直接以蝗作為災厄象徵，二是隱喻的延伸，包括從視覺方面形容其形勢如蝗群般壯大，以及從隱喻角度訴說其禍端如蝗般可憎。透過上述層面，解析蝗災在臺灣古典詩文作品中的代表意義。期盼文學作品中蝗災的紀錄，能補充官方史料的不足。

From the Dutch rule to the Japanese rule, for more than three hundred years, Taiwan will encounter a locust plague for a long or short time. The severity of this disaster is uncertain, but it often results in famine. It's a kind of severe disaster, just like drought and flood. First, this article explores the locust plague writing of Taiwanese classical literature in different periods. Next, it introduces the evolution of the disaster response policies from successive governments. After that, this article analyzes Taiwanese people's perception of the locust plague, including ecological inferences and extended imagery in writing. According to rhetoric, the imagery in writing can be divided into two categories, one is to use locusts as a symbol of misfortune, and the other is as metaphor. There are two different types of locust metaphors, one is to describe a large quantity as a swarm of locusts, and the other is to describe the evils as abominable as locusts. Through the above aspects, this article will analyze the representative significance of locust plague in Taiwanese classical literature. It's hoped that the records of locust plagues in literature will complement the shortage of official documents.