《幼學瓊林．鳥獸部》的編纂特色與意義

The Compilation Features and Significance of Birds and Beasts of Youxue qionglin

《幼學瓊林》，原名《幼學須知》，最初由明代程登吉編纂，後經過清代鄒聖脈、民國蔡東藩二人的增補，《幼學瓊林》已有截然不同的面貌。本文從《幼學瓊林．鳥獸部》入手，探討程、鄒、蔡三人對〈鳥獸部〉的編纂特色及意義：程登吉以現實動物為主體，介紹各種動物典故及成語故事；鄒聖脈則以動物典故為主，著重認識典故，閱讀門檻較低；而蔡東藩與前兩者不同，以動物介紹作為主軸，讓孩童認識最原始的動物形象。程、鄒、蔡三人迥異的編輯思維，為《幼學瓊林》激盪出不少火花，從基礎的動物介紹，到進階的動物成語、典故，最後則是培養正向價值觀念，代表《幼學瓊林》的適用年齡層相當廣大，無論幼童或是青年皆相當受用。而在經歷明、清、民國三代的增補，書中內容從中國早期的知識，逐步加入西方世界的新知，顯示即便是傳統的幼學啟蒙書，亦需與時俱進，隨著時代潮流更新進步，因而造就《幼學瓊林》多樣的研究價值。

Youxue qionglin , formerly known as Youxue xuzhi , was originally compiled by Cheng Dengji in the Ming Dynasty, and later supplemented by Zou Shengmai in the Qing Dynasty and Cai Dongfan of the Republic of China. Youxue qionglin has a completely different appearance during a long period because different people were involved in the compilation of the book. This article focus on the department of ＂Birds and Beasts＂, it explores the characteristics and significance of Cheng, Zou, and Cai's editorial thinking: Cheng Dengji takes real animals as the main body, and introduces various animal allusions and idiom stories; Zou Shengmai mainly focuses on animal allusions , focuses on understanding allusions which is reader friendly; while Cai Dongfan is different from the previous two, focusing on the introduction of animals, allowing children to know the most primitive animal images. The several editorial thinking of Cheng, Zou, and Cai created a lot of sparks for Youxue qionglin. From basic animal introduction, to advanced animal idioms and allusions, and finally to cultivating positive values, representing Youxue qionglin is suitable for a wide range of age groups, whether young children or teenagers are quite useful. After the addition of the Ming, Qing, and Republic of China, the content of the book has gradually been changed by added to the knowledge of the Western world from the knowledge in the early stage of China. These changes mean that even the traditional enlightenment book for early childhood needs to keep pace with the times and update with the trend of the times.