羅經方位層初探

A Preliminary Survey on the Position Rings of the Geomancer's Compass

本文旨在解讀羅經內涵，以明清二代之羅經文獻共15種為主要研究對象，而以分析三合派羅經為主。有以下之歸結。明代文獻對於卦例、節氣、星宿著墨的篇幅較多，而清代則顯見卦例、星宿層的比重降低，增加的是三針三盤取用上的討論。羅經盤層可分類為四個系統：方位層、卦例層、星宿層及九星天星層。其中，方位層是最重要的系統，為本文主要探討對象，方位層包括天、地、人三盤及置於其下的各種分金，如透地六十龍、盈縮六十龍、穿山七十二龍、百二十分金等，依據先後天八卦、陰陽、五行的推衍，賦予二十四山及其分金一定的序位與屬性。吉凶取斷乃配合格龍、立向、消砂、納水等目的，而使用不同的分金層，大抵以二十四山正五行格龍陰陽與立向，以中針消砂，以縫針納水；而穿山七十二龍、百二十分金用於定向之細法，透地六十龍則為格龍之細法。分金層主要追求三種層次的和諧：（1）數字的和諧（2）五行的和諧（3）陰陽的和諧。數字和諧關乎分金層，每一格分金兼具左右兩方之氣，氣在羅盤上被量化為數字，每一格分金必須合於3：7或2：8的比例才算吉祥；五行則有納甲、納音、三合等系統，各依其生剋制化論斷吉凶；至於陰陽有「正陰陽」與「淨陰淨陽」之別，皆強調「配偶」與「成雙成對」的概念。

This paper is aimed to explore the immanence of the geomancer's compass, for which 15 main texts of the Ming and Ching dynasties are chosen for examination, focusing on the Harmonic Triplets School. It concludes with the following findings. Most Ming texts are concerned more with Trigrams, Solar Fortnights and constellations than else, while that of the Ching are more with the Three Needles and Three Plates. The rings of the geomancer's compass could be grouped into four categories: the position rings, the Trigram rings, the constellation rings and the rings of the Dipper stars. Of the four, the position rings are most substantial and are the focus of this paper. The position rings consist of the Three Plates of Heaven, Earth and Man, with separate subordinate divisions and sub-divisions, such as the Earth-penetrating Sixty Dragons, the Uneven Spaced Sixty Dragons, the Mountain-piercing Seventy-two Dragons, and the 120 Sub-divisions, etc. The certain sequential order and attributes of the 24 Points and the divisions of these rings are given by the deduction of the Pre-heaven and the Post-heaven Trigrams, the Yin and Yang and the Five Elements. The evaluation of auspice is cooperated by separately using different division rings for fixing the direction of dragons and facing, avoiding unlucky hills and receiving water flows. Mainly, the Earth Plate is used for fixing the direction of dragons and facing, the Man Plate is used for avoiding unlucky hills, and the Heaven Plate is used for receiving water flows. Besides, the Mountain-piercing Seventy-two Dragons and the 120 Sub-divisions are applied to deciding the finer division of facing, and the Earth-penetrating Sixty Dragons are applied to deciding the finer division for fixing the direction of dragons. The rings of sub-divisions are used for three aspects of harmony: ☒1☒ the harmony of number ☒2☒ the harmony among the Five Elements ☒3☒ the harmony between Yin and Yang. The harmony of number is concerned with the Sub-divisions, and only those with the ratio of 3 to 7 or 2 to 8 as against the sectors of the 24 Points are regarded as harmonious ones. The harmony among the Five Elements are considered by their mutual relationships of generating, conquering, suppressing, and transforming, through the systems of Accepting Stems, Accepting Sounds and the Harmonic Triplets, etc. As for the harmony of Yin and Yang, the distinction between the Positive Yin Yang and the Pure Yin Yang are identified, with the emphasis on matching.