華翻越譯本常見錯誤之研究──以臺灣大眾媒體及公家機關的翻譯文本為例

Common Errors in Chinese-to-Vietnamese Translations of Texts by Taiwanese Public Media and Governmental Agencies

近年來，臺灣為了幫助越南籍的新住民、移工、留學生、旅客等對象解決語言障礙的問題，政府機構、觀光景點、公共場所等開始提供越南語的服務。華語翻譯至越南語的過程中，各種原因經常造成誤譯、漏譯、不通順、不符合邏輯等情形。翻譯錯誤的原因可能是由於兩種語言的用詞或文法的差異、文化背景的差異、不同人對原文的解讀差異等問題。如何理解華語及越南語這兩種語言之間的用詞與語法上的差異，以減少翻譯錯誤，是研究的主要目的。本研究採用質性研究方法，將臺灣大眾媒體及公家機關所提供的翻譯文本進行蒐集與分析，找出華翻越譯本常見錯誤的情形及原因。研究結果發現，目前華翻越譯本常出現用詞錯誤、語法錯誤及語義錯誤等三種錯誤。造成翻譯錯誤的原因包含華越詞序的差異、濫用漢越詞、逐字翻譯，以及翻譯者因受母語或華語的影響而造成使用詞彙錯誤或文法錯誤等現象。希望研究結果對越南語翻譯人員以及越南語教學者與學習者能有所助益。

The Taiwanese government recently began providing Vietnamese-language services in various governmental agencies, travel destinations, and public spaces to help Vietnamese immigrants, laborers, students, and travelers overcome language barriers. However, several problems associated with Chinese-to-Vietnamese translations have occurred, including mistranslations, incompatibility, and inconsistent logic. The translation mistakes may have been caused by differences in how vocabulary and grammar are used between the two languages; it may also be caused by differences in culture and differences in the translators' interpretations of source texts. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to reduce the number of Chinese-to-Vietnamese translation mistakes that have stemmed from the different sentence structures and vocabulary in Chinese and Vietnamese. Qualitative research methods were adopted, and the translated texts provided by Taiwanese public media and governmental agencies were analyzed to identify the most common mistakes and the reasons for them. Our research revealed that the most common errors in Chinese-to-Vietnamese translation are errors in diction, grammar, and semantics. The reasons for the translation mistakes differed and included the difference in word orders between Chinese and Vietnamese, the misuse of vocabulary, problems with literal translation, and diction and grammatical errors by the translators due to the influence of their tongue or Chinese. The different usages of otherwise similar words, as well as grammatical structures, in the two languages and the different cultural backgrounds are also noteworthy problems. We expect the research results to aid both Vietnamese language learners and Chinese-to-Vietnamese translators.