增強式訓練方式在田徑運動訓練之應用

Application of Plyometric Training Method in Track and Field Sports Training

運動競技訓練的目標在於提升運動表現，而田徑運動作為運動之母，選手自身的身體能力是最直接反映於賽場上的，也是教練常用於項目選才的依據之一。但到了更高層級的競技舞台後，先天體能條件所帶來的優勢日漸式微，專項技術也趨漸於成熟的狀況下，同層級選手間的身體素質變得相近，不同教練的訓練內容及特色，往往成為選手脫穎而出的關鍵。增強式訓練是最常被使用於提升爆發力的方法，由於其機制十分契合田徑運動許多專項的技術，本次所回顧的訓練效果包含爆發力、下肢肌力、平衡能力、敏捷性、力量峰值、最大攝氧量的提升，進而影響各式的運動表現及加強專項技術的變項。目前台灣的田徑訓練中普遍使用著增強式訓練，卻鮮少將增強式訓練與專項特性結合，透過不同的環境以及其他訓練模式的結合，也能帶來額外的效果，使原先的訓練效益獲得提升。如何在維持專項運動技術以及鍛鍊專項體能時，融入增強式訓練法，同時避免運動傷害的發生，為選手取得最佳訓練成果。本文以文獻回顧的方式來探討，增強式訓練應用於田徑運動的效益，以及探討不同模式的增強式訓練的成效，能否應用於田徑訓練之中，希望能為田徑訓練法提供更多元的專項訓練方法。

The target of athletic training is to improve athletic performance. Track and field as the mother of sports, athlete's fitness is the most directly reflected on the game performance, it is also the selection criteria for coaches. However, after reaching the higher level of the competitive league, the advantages of connate ability are gradually declining, and the specific technique are become matures. The fitness of the athletes has become similar, the training course and characteristics of different coaches are the key makes player standing out. plyometric training is the most commonly used method to improve explosive abilities. Because its mechanism is very suitable for many special techniques of track and field, and the increase of explosive ability can strengthen the specific technique variables and improve the performance. At present, plyometric training is commonly used in Taiwan's track and field training, but plyometric training is rarely combined with specific technique characteristics. This article uses a literature review to discuss the benefits of plyometric training applied to track and field, and explore the effectiveness of different modes combination with plyometric training, whether it can be applied to track and field training, hope to provide more diversification special training methods for track and field.