電視新聞敘事結構初探

An Inquiry into the Narrative Structure of Television News

近20年來，新聞與敘事理論結合，新聞敘事結構研究蔚為風潮，有關報紙和電視新聞敘事結構迭有佳績；惟國內提出報紙新聞敘事結構以降，尚未看到有關電視新聞敘事結構的討論，本文參酌M. Bal、A. Bell、S. Chatman、W. Labov、M. Montgomery和T. A. van Dijk等觀點，針對電視新聞，試擬內容與形式融於一體的電視新聞敘事結構，不僅提出電視新聞的敘事基模（組），並突顯電視新聞的人際敘事傳播（社會敘事學）特質，尤其電視新聞背後的隱含作者更值學界和實務界關注。

In the past two decades, research on the narrative structure of newspaper stories has shown tremendous achievement, while that of television news is still scarce in Taiwan. This article proposes a model of studying the narrative structure of television news by combining perspectives from M. Bal, A. Bell, S. Chatman, W. Labov, M. Montgomery, and T. A. van Dijk. The model demonstrates that the structuralistic duality components of story and discourse are integrated into one whole while actualizing the events into news stories. The paper then goes on further with the discussion of several underlying structures beyond the narrative structures, such as the implied author and his or her viewpoints as emphasized by Chatman and Eco.This study also shows that the proposed narrative structure of television news is quite appropriate for representing the social interactional essence of sociolinguistics and scoionarratology, such as Labov and Herman contend.