臺灣學前托育與教育補助政策的侷限性   全文下載

Limitations of the Policy of Nursing and Childcare Subsidy in Taiwan

在時空環境的變遷下，臺灣托育與教育補助政策的受惠對象，其職業、收入與身分可能已不再具有社會弱勢的特徵，卻持續享有較高額的補助。粗糙地核予托育與教育補助，或是低估弱勢族群自我提升的潛能，不僅無法促進教育公平與社會正義，也讓不符合弱勢標準卻領取補助者承受其他民眾的質疑與批評，更可能產生民眾對托教補助過度依賴的問題。以上反映出托教補助政策可能的侷限性，此問題雖然重要，但相關研究尚少。因此，研究者以質性訪談的研究方法，從專家、家長、教保服務人員等多方面蒐集資料，以不同的角度進行實徵資料的綜合歸納，拼湊出托教補助政策可能會產生的問題。研究結果顯示，托教補助政策的實施，對幼兒學習發展有正面效果，但也容易造成已領補助者的過度福利依賴。其次，托教補助政策之設計受到政治考量與地方政府財政的影響，呈現多種不同面貌，可能會擴大教育的不公平性。最後，由於幼兒教保服務人員具有高度的專業知能，對於補助領取者的個人資料均能善盡保密責任，加以臺灣社會並沒有強烈的階級與歧視氛圍，故受領補助者被歧視與批評的現象並不明顯。文末，本研究進一步提出對托教補助政策執行、調整與管控的些許建議。

With the changing times and environments, occupations, incomes, and the identity of the subjects in nursing and childcare subsidy in Taiwan might not refer to the characteristics of socially vulnerable groups; however, they are continuously benefited from higher subsidies. While studies might roughly examine and approve nursing and childcare subsidies, they underestimate these groups’ potential for self-enhancement, which cannot promote educational fairness and social justice. In addition, those who are not qualified as socially vulnerable groups, but receive nursing and childcare subsidies, are questioned and criticized by other people. In addition, people might overly depend on the policies of nursing and childcare subsidy. The previous statements illustrate the possible limitations of the policy of nursing and childcare subsidy. While it is an extremely important issue, related research is lacking. Thus, by qualitative interviews, this research collects data from scholars, experts, parents, and teachers, and generalizes the empirical data according to multiple perspectives and positions, to result in identifying the possible problems of the policy of nursing and childcare subsidy. According to the research findings, the implementation of the policies of nursing and childcare subsidy positively influences children’s learning development; however, those who have benefited might overly depend on such welfare. In addition, regarding the design of the policies of nursing and childcare subsidy, the effect of political manipulation and the finances of local government reveal different dimensions, which might reinforce educational injustice. Finally, since preschool teachers in Taiwan possess high degrees of professional knowledge and competence, they are cautious about the confidentiality of personal information, such as their benefits and subsidy amounts. Moreover, in Taiwanese society, there are no significant classes or atmospheres of discrimination; hence, the phenomenon in which the benefited are degraded or criticized is insignificant.　Finally, this study further puts forward some suggestions on the implementation, adjustment and control of the nursing and childcare subsidy policies.