日語能動型「tearu」之功能：與「teoku」之比較分析

The Active Use of“Tearu'': A Comparison of the Function between“Tearu''and“Teoku''

本研究目的在記述能動型「tearu」用法特徵。日語補助動詞「tearu」含能動型及受動型兩用法，其中能動型用法學習較不易，先行研究之說明亦有缺失。為改善記述，本研究首先分析其先行動詞特徵，觀察到以下3點：1)能動型用法亦極少與自動詞共起、2)傳達動詞與能動型用法共起頻繁、3)配置動詞亦與能動型用法共起。其次，本研究運用工藤(1996)的概念，分析能動型用法之篇章功能，發現與表完了時態之「teiru」相同，具備表＜時間退後性＞功能。本研究亦關注其人稱使用限制，分析能動型用法話者扮演之角色，了解到能動型用法不僅傳達動作結果具有效性、亦顯示話者擔負確定情報之態度。本研究指出分析其篇章功能及言語功能，可區別具類似語意之「teoku」用法，有助掌握能動型用法特徵。

The purpose of this paper is to describe the active use of Japanese auxiliary verb “tearun. There are two uses of “tearu'', one is the active use and the other is the passive use. To compare with the passive use, the active use is more difficult to learners, and we do not know much about this use. In this paper, I used corpus to analyze the feather of the cooccurrence verbs and I found that: 1) Intransitive verbs rarely co-occur with the active use of “tearu''. 2) Reporting verbs often co-occur with the active use of “tearu''. 3) The space occupying verbs is more co-occur with the passive use. In this paper, I also analyzed the text function of the active use of “tearu''. I found that it has the function to express anti-time ordering and that is the same with “teiru which is used to express perfective aspect. Furthermore, I investigated the role of the speaker of the active use of “tearu'' and I pointed out that we can tell the difference between the use of “teoku'' and “tearu'' through observation the personal restriction.