由 「年老女性」以及 「少女」觀察日本宮崎駿動畫中之社會文化形象

The social cultural form of the Miyazaki Hayao animation film work; mainly with a power relationship of ''old woman'' and ''girl''

眾所皆知，日本社會已經邁入高齡化的社會。而世界聞名的日本動盡大師宮崎暖(67成)於發行最新作品崖上的波妞》(2008年)之後，接受來訪中表示深覺年老將至。即使如此，宮崎駿動畫作品中，年老男性還是不多見。然而「年老女性」自始自終常常出現甚至「崖上的波妞」更有大篇幅的著墨。本論文將比較束亞風土的視點納入，以宮崎駿動畫中「老婦」與「少女」相互關係為主軸，比較分析其於各自社會文化中的定位，析論動畫大師宮崎駿的心境。解析動畫大師宮崎駿擔任原著、腳本、監督三者之9部動盡(1984年-2008年)中「年老女性」與「少女」的相互關像，可以以「保護」、「對立而至和解」「對立歷經和解而至共生」三種模式來一言以蔽之。進而分析其問之消長，更明顯可以看出早期作品帶著濃厚的「保護」色彩，中期多為立場對立而至於和解。最重要是自2001年以後、更是壓經和解之後朝向共生方向發展。此共生模式，於《崖上的波如更是一覽無遺。觀此發展應考量到無法生產勞動、必須倚賴他人的力量才能維持基本最低生活的「年老女性」的社會意義。其答案正存在於《崖上的波妞》中。《崖上的波妞》中的老人院隔壁正是納稚圍，此點顯示「年老女性」雖然不良於行動，仍可將生活智慧、寬廣的胸株，以具體的態度、言詞傳承給幼小的兒童，一起共同生活。如此共生的模式，正是動盡大師宮崎駿的心情寫照。傳達出宮崎駿期盼年老將至的事實是無可避免的必然結果，應由老、中、青不同世代的人們，誠摯面對，真誠相待的訊息。

Miyazaki Hayao has felt enter an old age of 67 years old by the latest work ”PONYO on the cliff”. The life of old women is a main theme of ”PONYO on the cliff”. This paper has elucidated the structure of the social cultural context from the social cultural climate of East Asia about ”the aging” and ”the youth” of ”woman” on Miyazaki animation. A power relationship with an old woman and a girl has three types as ”protection”, ”from opposition to reconciliation” and ”to the symbiosis which passed through reconciliation from opposition” on 9 animations of a original work, scenario and director work by Miyazaki. There are a lot of relations of ”protection” with an old woman and a girl. On the other hand, an old woman and a girl go to the reconciliation while opposing. After 2004, the way of the symbiosis is born from reconciliation by Miyazaki animation. The way of symbiosis also exists in the latest work ”PONYO on the cliff”. ”PONYO on the cliff” has asked about the social meanings of the old woman who declined. The response is a neighborhood of a home for the aged and a kindergarten. An old woman wraps young children in the depth of the wisdom and the heart and symbioses. ”PONYO on the cliff” indicates a model of symbiosis. Miyazaki is requesting that young and old have to catch the aging actuality which can't move without others' help. That's the Miyazaki's message in an old age.