人文地理學視角下的中國鄉村公共空間研究進展

Research Progress of Rural Public Space in China from the Perspective of Human Geography

隨著鄉村城鎮化的發展，鄉村社會結構也發生了巨大的變化，為瞭解中國鄉村公共空間的研究現狀，本研究採用系統性文獻回顧的方法，以「中文社會科學引文索引」數據庫收錄的「人文經濟地理」學科領域的12種期刊為文獻研究載體，檢索以鄉村為主題的文獻進行分析，並進一步節選出以鄉村公共空間為核心內容的研究文獻深入解讀。研究結果發現：「鄉村旅遊」、「城鄉統籌」「農戶行為」、「鄉村治理」等主題成為鄉村地理學的研究熱點，研究內容上呈現多樣性，受國家政策導向明顯，鄉村轉型、重構、治理日漸成為研究的核心。隨著近年來鄉村規畫建設工作的展開，鄉村公共空間的萎縮也引起了廣泛關注，但對於鄉村公共空間的研究多作為一個面向在文中被提及，而鮮少作為一個主體對象被研究，且研究視閾較為宏觀，對鄉村居民個人，家庭，組織及其關係探索不多，即使是對其行為的研究也多集中在顯性的研究層面，常常停留在空間情境中對行為活動進行分類和描述，而忽略或簡化這些顯性活動背後的複雜決策過程。未來鄉村的發展應從公共空間「公共性」的意涵出發，以公共空間為載體多學科、多角度、多方位對鄉村建設中的行為主體、決策過程和治理方式進行深入研究。

With the development of rural urbanization, rural social structure has undergone enormous changes. To understand the research status of China's rural public space, this paper uses the systematic literature review approach, takes 12 journals in the subject area of ''Human Economic Geography'' included in the ''Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index'' database as the carriers to search the literature with rural as the theme for analysis, and further selects rural public space as the core content for in-depth interpretation. It found that ''rural tourism'', ''urban and rural co-ordination'', ''peasant household's behavior'' and ''rural governance'' and other topics have become research hotspots in rural geography. Research contents are diversified and obviously guided by national policies. Rural transformation, reconstruction and governance are becoming the research cores. Along with the rural planning construction, rural public space has caused widespread attention, but it has been mostly mentioned as an aspect in the text, rarely as a subject. The research perspective is relatively macroscopic, with little exploration on rural residents, families, organizations and their relationships. Even the research on their behaviors is mostly focused on the explicit level, often staying in the spatial context to classify and describe behavioral activities, but ignore or simplify the complex decision-making process behind these explicit activities. The development of rural areas in the future should start from the meaning of ''publicity'' in public space, and carry out in-depth research on behavior subjects, decision-making process and governance of rural construction from multiple disciplines, perspectives and directions.