科技發展對我國工會運作的影響：以中大型企業和企業工會意見為焦點

Impacts of Technology Development on Union Operation in Taiwan: Focus on Medium and Large Enterprises and Enterprise Unions

本文探討科技發展對勞工團結、集體協商等工會運作的影響；研究方法包括問卷調查和深度訪談。主要發現如下：工會運用科技工具可促進產業民主，並有利工會目標的達成，但工會間的效果參差不齊。科技工具有利工會會員溝通聯繫，組織數位化可降低工會的營運成本，也具有避免被監督的優點，但部分工會主事者可能不想或無法運用太多的科技工具。社會的勞工團結組織可以運用科技工具來吸收和服務會員、運用科技工具可以幫助我國工會更優質地服務會員。發展網路投票有利勞工團結；網路傳播有利訊息的快速流傳。科技發展會對勞動市場產生影響的項目，都可以納入工會集體協商議題。但勞動者因應的認知還是不夠，遂會影響集體協商的內容和進行。在勞資不對等的情形下，運用科技工具來對話對資方較有利。科技發展可以提供集體協商創新的手段，但未來必須法律修正配合以及勞雇雙方的接受。若能讓工會在企業層次從一開始就高度參與科技導入決策，也讓勞動部在政府層次從一開始就高度參與相關科技發展決策，則工會對資訊和議題的掌握應該會較佳。本文最後說明因為順應現代科技所造成工作模式與工作型態之改變，對勞動三權可能產生的影響，並對勞工團結，以及工會法、團體協約法、勞資爭議處理法的修正，提出一些建議。

This research explores the impacts of technology development on trade union operation, such as worker solidarity and collective bargaining. The methods adopted include questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews. Major findings are the following: Trade unions can utilize technology tools to promote industrial democracy and enhance members' communication, but the effects vary. Technology tools are useful for communication among members and digitalization of union can lower union operation costs, but some union leaders do not adopt many technology tools. Worker solidarity can be improved by utilizing technology tools to recruit and serve memebers. Developing ivoting can promote worker solidarity while internet communication can help fast communication of information. Any impact of technology development on labour market can be included in collective bargaining agenda, but workers' perception is not sufficient in managing collective bargaining. Under imbalance power beteen workers and enterprises, technology development can offer new means of collective bargaining, but regulation amending and prevalent adoption are required. Finally, this research provides some suggestions to worker solidarity, and amendaments of Labor Union Act, Collective Agreement Act and Act for Settlement of Labor-Management Disputes.