關於第二人稱與第三人稱之間的視點序列──以「てやる／てくれる」句型為例

On viewpoint hierarchy between 2nd and 3rd person: A case of ＂-te yaru/-te kureru＂ sentences

本文就以授受補助動詞「てやる／てくれる」句型為例，考察第二人稱與第三人稱之間有無因人稱導致說話者較容易將自己的視點放至第二人稱這一問題。首先，再次確認「てやる／てくれる」句型中說話者視點所在的位置，並明確了「てやる」表示視點在「施事」的位置，而「てくれる」表示視點在「受益者」的位置。在這基礎上，從「てやる／てくれる」的例句中將第二人稱和第三人稱以施事、受事、受益者的身份參與（而第一人稱不參與）的例句先分為兩種（第二人稱為施事的例句和第三人稱為施事的例句），並且進一步細分為四種，觀察了在這四種場合裏「てやる」句型和「てくれる」句型能否成立。根據上述的考察，得出了在「てやる／てくれる」句型中說話者確實容易將自己的視點放至第二人稱的結論。

Which is more likely to take a speaker's viewpoint, 2nd or 3rd person? This paper considers this question in terms of sentences with the benefactive auxiliary verbs -te yaru /-te kureru”. First, I make clear that a speaker's viewpoint is at the beneficiary in “-te kureru” and at the agent in “-te yaru”. Next, “-te yaru / -te kureru” sentences where both the 2nd and 3rd person participate are classified broadly into two (between 2nd-person and 3rd-person agents) and more finely into four types. Acceptability of “-te yaru” and -te kureru” are judged in each type. As a result, this paper argues that 2nd person is more likely to take a speaker's viewpoint than 3rd person in “-te yaru /-te kureru” sentences.