從位相論的觀點對「騙す」之相關類義語群進行考察及意義分析

A Semantic Analysis on “prototype” and Semantic Structure of a Japanese verb ”deceive” and Synonyms for the word “deceive”, and Categorization of These Synonyms by Applying Topological Theory

首先，從認知意義論來檢視「騙す」這個單字，並且抽取出其概念之「prototype（原意）」，藉此來設定「騙す」之中心意義領域。第二步則是找出和「騙す」有類義關係的26個動詞，由這26個動詞來組成「類義語群」。然後更進一步找出和類義語群的意義有關係之複合動詞、關聯語、慣用語、方言等37個語句來組成「關聯語句群」。然後第三，再從剛才取出的26個類義語群中，選出「騙す」的主要類義語，也就是「欺く」「たぶらかす」「ごまかす」「まどわす」「計る」「陥れる」「たらす」等七個單字，然後分析比較「騙す」所表現的原意和以上六個單字的原意。由比較分析的結果可得知「騙す」所表示之意義領域，和它主要的類義語群所表示之意義領域，兩者的共通處以及非共通之處。第四點，不只是依照不同的意義系統將和「騙す」有關聯總計54個類義語群以及關聯語句群進行範疇分類，也從位相論的角度，依據意義系統上的不同分編範疇領域，除此之外也設定文章用語、口語、日常會話用語、用在不同的場合的男性、女性、中性等用的性向語、以及方言等範疇來進行分類。然後再以位相論的觀點來考察每個單字的嚴謹程度之高低。然後那些和「騙す」有關的各個類義語以及關聯語、關聯語句，在意義上又有什麼樣的相互關係也將會是我檢視的重點。

This paper intends to analyze lexical components and semantic structure of a Japanese verb “damasu (deceive)” and synonyms for the word “damasu(deceive),” and to categorize these synonyms by applying the topological theory. First, based on Cognitive Linguistic theory, the paper extracts “prototype” that forms the core part of the semantic structure of the word “damasu (deceive)”by analyzing lexical components forming the word. Secondly, the paper spells out major synonyms for “damasu (deceive)”. Synonyms are different phonological words that have the same or very similar meanings that “damasu (deceive)” presents. Upon examining similarities and differences in meanings that these synonyms present, the paper categorizes these synonyms based on the particular usage pattern by applying the Topological Theory.