森鷗外的《舞姬》論──與《情史》《霍小玉傳》的關係

Mori Ogai's Maihime–the Relation with Classical Chinese Literature, the Qingshi and the Huoxiaoyu zhuan

森鷗外從小就接受中國古典文學的薰陶，有相當深的中國文學素養。森鷗外的藏書當中，收藏了許多明清小說，其中更有讀後的眉批等等。以回憶年輕時光為題材的作品《性生活史》中，就曾提及中國明清的才子佳人小說《燕山外史》，及愛情小說《情史》兩部書。本篇論文以《情史》為著眼點，探討森鷗外早期的留德作品《舞姬》與《情史》的關連性。從森鷗外在自己的藏書《情史》這部小說所留下的眉批來看，可以了解年輕時代的森鷗外對中國的才子佳人小說十分感興趣，也將其特性反應在自己的作品當中。不同於其他日本的研究學者，森鷗外十分正確地掌握了才子佳人小說的特性。森鷗外把他對中國才子佳人小說的理解反映在《舞姬》這部作品中。《舞姬》雖不能稱為才子佳人小說，但我們可從《舞姬》中找出部分才子佳人小說的特性。不僅如此，森鷗外還把他自己的小說理論運用在《舞姬》裡，描繪出具「特殊風貌的才子」形象來。此外，對照比較《舞姬》與中國傳奇小說《霍小玉傳》，我們也可以發現《舞姬》與《霍小玉傳》有許多相似的地方，這說明《舞姬》這部作品也同時具有中國傳奇小說的特色因此，我們可以說，森鷗外的《舞姬》是部多層次的、具複合特性的小說。

In addressing the question of how Ogai utilized the knowledge of Chinese literature, this article examines the relationship between Maihime and the Qingshi from the view of the Chinese “Caizi jiaren” ideal. From the notes Ogai made in the margins of Qingshi, the Ming-Qing love-story collection, Ogai was interested in the theme of immortal love and in the sharing between an intelligent, handsome man and a well-educated, beautiful lady found in the Chinese “Caizi jiaren” genre. This understanding is reflected in his early novels, Maihime. Unlike other Japanese literature researchers, Ogai correctly understood the essence of the Chinese “Caizi jiaren” ideal. His understanding for the essence was clearly reflected in his early works, Maihime. And also from the view of the relation with the Chinese chuanqi story, the Huoxiaoyu zhuan, Maihime also has the characteristic of the Chinese chuanqi story. Therefore, we can say Ogai's Maihime is a complicated and multifaceted work which combines the characteristic of both the Chinese “Caizi jiaren” ideal and the chuanqi story.