「牡丹燈記」系譜‧再考──關於雙頭牡丹燈

The Genealogy and Reconsideration of ‘’Muu Dna Deng Jih’’ - Focusing on the Original Setting “Bicipital Peony Chinese lantern”and Its Modification-

『剪燈新話』是明代瞿佑的文言小說集，全書分四卷，每卷各五篇，共二十篇，書後另有附錄「秋香亭記」及「寄梅記」兩篇。本書在日本天文初期由京都五山的禪僧自中國帶回日本，據說最初在五山的僧侶間玩賞，之後才流入坊間。山口剛氏曾在『山口剛著作集‧第二』中指出：這本書如果沒有傳到日本，那麼江戶時代新怪談的黎明大概沒有那麼早到來吧！因此可知此書對近世以後的日本文學產生了極大的影響。書中最為人所知是「牡丹燈記」，收錄在第二卷第四話，此篇傳至日本之後被翻譯或翻案成各式各樣的作品。剛開始為翻譯性作品，有『漢和希夷』、『奇異雑談集』、『霊怪草』等，之後陸續被翻案及改寫。如浅井了意『伽婢子』中的「牡丹灯篭」、上田秋成『雨月物語』中的「吉備津之釜」、山東京伝的『安積沼』『浮牡丹全伝』『劇場花牡丹灯篭』、鶴屋南北的『阿国御前化粧鏡』、三遊亭円朝的『怪談牡丹灯篭』等。「牡丹燈記」可說是最能代表『剪燈新話』的作品。當我們追溯日本「牡丹燈記」的系譜時，應當重視與原著的比較，本文特別針對原著中的「雙頭牡丹燈」在日本的翻譯問題及翻案作品中如何變形加以考察，進而探究中日怪異談在文學創作中的結構性差異。

“Jean Deng Shin Huah’’ is a collection of twenty novels by Qu You from the Ming Dynasty. There are four volumes and each volume has five pieces and two appendixes. “Chiou Shiang Tyng Jih” and “Jih Mei Jih”. Gozan, the Zen monk of Kyoto, brought the collection to Japan in the early Tenmon period. At first it was only read in Zen temples, but later it was available to the public. As Mr. Takeshi Yamaguchi indicated, the first Japanese ghost stories of the Edo period were inspired by this work, and it has had a great influence on Japanese modern literature. “Muu Dan Deng Jih” ( the fourth talk of the second volume) is the most famous piece, and soon after it was introduced into Japan, it was translated or adapted into various versions. Due to the importance of comparing current versions to the original, I consider the structural differences between Chinese and Japanese ghost stories, focusing on the setting of “Bicipital Peony” in the original work and its modifications after it was brought to Japan.